解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:RATIONALE:Characteristics of and survival estimates for recipients of lung retransplantation in the modern era are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To compare lung retransplant patients in the modern era with historical retransplant patients, to compare retransplant patients with initial transplant patients in the modern era, and ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200707-1132OC
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is growing evidence that resident cells, such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells, can drive the persistent accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in chronically inflamed tissue, leading to the organization and the maintenance of ectopic lymphoid aggregates. This phenomenon, occurring through a chemokine...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200609-1347OC
更新日期:2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen complicating postsurgical care. OBJECTIVES:To test the effect of sterile laparotomy (LAP) on pulmonary clearance of S. aureus in a murine model. METHODS:Control and LAP mice were infected intranasally with 10(8) cfu of S. aureus. Microbial clearance, pulmonary leuko...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-763OC
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Acute lung injury (ALI) that develops 6 hours after transfusion (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Several transfusion characteristics have been postulated as risk factors for TRALI, but the evidence is limited to retrospective studies. OBJECTIVES:To compare patient and transfusio...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200702-271OC
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a genetic disorder mainly characterized by failure of automatic control of breathing, causing alveolar hypoventilation. Little is known regarding cough in CCHS. Parental reports indicate that patients cough normally during airway infections; however, previ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200612-1870OC
更新日期:2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Consensus Classification panel identified the clinical entity idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) as a provisional diagnosis and recommended further study. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized that idiopathic NSIP is an autoimmun...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200702-220OC
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Although it is widely assumed that the incidence of childhood respiratory allergies to common aeroallergens is directly related to allergen exposure in early life, few longitudinal studies have investigated this issue, and available data are scarce and mainly limited to high-risk groups. OBJECTIVES:To assess...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-916OC
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Exposure to combustion-derived air pollution is associated with an early (1-2 h) and sustained (24 h) rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated that inhalation of diesel exhaust causes an immediate (within 2 h) impairment of vascular and endothelial function in humans. O...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-872OC
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, studies found that mortality rates for pulmonary fibrosis were increasing. Recent data for mortality from pulmonary fibrosis are unavailable. OBJECTIVES:We sought to determine mortality rates for pulmonary fibrosis in the United States from 1992 through 2003. METHODS:...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200701-044OC
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES:To examine whether these medications might be associated with an excess risk of pneumonia. METHODS:We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of patients with COPD from Que...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200611-1630OC
更新日期:2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) have increased the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. However, the role of combining these modalities to overcome each individual technique's limitations and, consequently, to further increas...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200612-1866OC
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is highly sensitive for pulmonary embolism (PE), but its clinical usefulness is limited by its nondiagnostic rate. Objective analysis of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) three-dimensional scintigraphy may improve its diagnostic performance compared with sub...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200608-1110OC
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Data on hemoptysis of unknown origin (i.e., "cryptogenic") are scarce and the outcome of patients affected is controversial. OBJECTIVES:To describe the clinical spectrum and course of patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis, as well as pathologic findings when surgery is performed. METHODS:A cohort of 81 patie...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200609-1362OC
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The relation between birth weight and respiratory symptoms and asthma in children remains unclear. Previous studies focused on a relation at separate ages. A longitudinal analysis may lead to a better understanding. OBJECTIVES:To estimate the effect of birth weight on the development and course of respirator...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200610-1441OC
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a ligand for the endothelial Tie2 receptor, is an endothelial survival and vascular stabilization factor that reduces endothelial permeability and inhibits leukocyte-en...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200609-1370OC
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The CD40 protein plays important roles in cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, especially in immunoglobulin class-switching to IgE. OBJECTIVES:We tested the association of CD40 polymorphisms with the risk of asthma and the level of serum IgE and investigated the functional effect of associated polymor...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200609-1286OC
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses work in a demanding environment where they are repetitively exposed to traumatic situations and stressful events. The psychological effects on nurses as a result of working in the ICU are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether there is an increased prevalence of p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-735OC
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Although interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays are approved for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), limited data exist regarding their performance in HIV infection. OBJECTIVES:To compare tuberculin skin test (TST) results to the commercial IFN-gamma release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tub...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200608-1088OC
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer is a significant disease with survival rates remaining poor despite numerous therapeutic advances during the last 30 years. Understanding lung cancer pathogenesis through murine modeling may improve future human therapies, and new data indicate that mutations within different endogenous stem cells situated...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-984PP
更新日期:2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Tidal volume and plateau pressure limitation decreases mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Computed tomography demonstrated a small, normally aerated compartment on the top of poorly aerated and nonaerated compartments that may be hyperinflated by tidal inflation. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized tha...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200607-915OC
更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) and traffic-related air pollutants are associated with asthma and allergy. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and SHS can interact with allergens in exacerbating allergic airway diseases through generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) metabolize rea...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1424OC
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Lung transplant recipients are particularly at risk of complications from rhinovirus, the most frequent respiratory virus circulating in the community. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether lung transplant recipients can be chronically infected by rhinovirus and the potential clinical impact. METHODS:We first ide...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-489OC
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known marker of established airway inflammation in asthma. Its role in the disease process before the onset of respiratory symptoms remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:To examine whether elevated NO in newborns with clinically naive airways is associated with subsequent respirator...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-782OC
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a unique disorder of respiratory control associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and tumors of neural crest origin, results from polyalanine repeat expansion mutations in the paired-like homeobox (PHOX)2B gene in more than 90% of cases, and alternative P...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200602-305OC
更新日期:2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of biomass as a cooking fuel is commonplace in developing countries and has been associated with chronic bronchitis and obstructive airway disease. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was done in the village of Solis, close to Mexico City. Lifelong nonsmoking women 38 yr of age or older (n=841) complet...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200503-479OC
更新日期:2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The majority of patients with sarcoidosis resolve their condition; however 5-10% of patients with sarcoidosis develop pulmonary fibrosis with poor prognosis. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of the antifibrotic agent prostaglandin E(2) and is reduced in...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1839OC
更新日期:2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1alpha(IIIc) [FGF-R1alpha(IIIc)] regulates recovery of neonatal rat lung growth, after 95% oxygen-mediated growth arrest. Its role in normal postnatal alveologenesis is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To determine if FGF-R1alpha(IIIc) regulates normal postnatal alveologenesis. METHODS:T...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200511-1718OC
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Spirometric detection of airway obstruction in adults requires separate predictive formulae for each ethnicity and sex for percentage of FEV(1)/FVC (%FEV(1)/FVC) and percentage of FEV(3)/FVC (%FEV(3)/FVC), the major measurements for defining airway obstruction. OBJECTIVES:To eliminate the need for multiple f...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-517OC
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Little is known about the long-term outcomes and costs of survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OBJECTIVES:To describe functional and quality of life outcomes, health care use, and costs of survivors of ARDS 2 yr after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. METHODS:We recruited a cohort of ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200505-693OC
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is of central interest in the study of tuberculosis. A number of single-gene mutations have been identified in the IFN-gamma signaling pathway that predispose to severe mycobacterial disease, but the relevance of polymorphism within these genes to the common phenotype of tuberculo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200601-088OC
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Many authors have suggested that the mechanism by which atelectasis contributes to injury is through the repetitive opening and closing of distal airways in lung regions that are atelectatic. However, neither the topographic nor mechanistic relationships between atelectasis and distribution of lung injury are...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200506-1006OC
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma that causes irreversible airflow obstruction. Although asthma is considered to be a Th2 disease, the role of T-bet and GATA-3, the key transcription factors for differentiation toward Th1 and Th2 cells, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling is poo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200601-079OC
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by a Th2 immune response. Mouse models suggest a critical role for the Th2 chemokines thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in ABPA. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether serum levels of TARC and MDC ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200508-1271OC
更新日期:2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-1) plays a central role in TLR2- and TLR4-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, a critical event in the transcriptional regulation of many sepsis-associated proinflammatory mediators. There are two haplotypes for the IRAK-1 gene in Caucasians, with the var...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200603-341OC
更新日期:2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inhaled human insulin (INH; Exubera [human insulin (recombinant DNA origin) Inhalation Powder]) causes small changes in pulmonary function and increases in insulin antibodies compared with subcutaneous (SC) insulin. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the relationship between changes in pulmonary function and insulin ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1861OC
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is growing evidence that alveolar cell apoptosis plays an important role in emphysema pathogenesis, a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by alveolar destruction. The association of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency with the development of emphysema has supported the concept that protease/antipr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1842OC
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The development of tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity following infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not invariable and may depend on bacillary as well as host factors. OBJECTIVES:First, to compare the diagnostic performance of the TST and a form of in vitro IFN-gamma release assay (IFNGRA) in the c...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1526OC
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inflammation is now recognized as an integral part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In contrast to the sterile airways of normal lungs, bacterial pathogens are often isolated from the airways in stable COPD. This "colonization" of the tracheobronchial tree, currently believ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1525OC
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The determinants of immunoglobulin G (IgG) level and the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in patients with severe lung disease before and after lung transplantation are unknown. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to identify predictors of low IgG levels before and after lung transplantation. METHODS:We performed a retr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200510-1609OC
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Breathing supplemental oxygen reduces breathlessness during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Replacing nitrogen with helium reduces expiratory flow resistance and may improve lung emptying. Combining these treatments should be independently effective. OBJECTIVES:Study t...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200506-925OC
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00