解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The unexpected nature of disasters leaves little time or resources for organized health surveillance of the affected population, and even less for those who are unaffected. An ideal epidemiologic study would monitor both groups equally well, but would typically be decided against as infeasible or costly. Exposure and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx194
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation is well known. However, the biological mechanisms behind the association are not fully understood, particularly the role of DNA methylation, which is known to be affected by smoking. Using 2-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization, we investigated the role of ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx181
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we assessed the association of chronic medical conditions and multimorbidity with perceived stress among community-dwelling adults in 44 low- and middle-income countries. Data from the World Health Survey (2002-2004), including 229,293 adults, were analyzed. A perceived stress score (range, 0 (lowest st...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx159
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Semen quality has been suggested to be a biological marker of long-term morbidity and mortality; however, few studies have been conducted on this subject. We identified 5,370 men seen for infertility at Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, during 1977-2010, and 4,712 of these men were followed in the Danish National Patie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx067
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic and environmental factors are both known to contribute to susceptibility to complex diseases. Therefore, the study of gene-environment interaction (G×E) has been a focus of research for several years. In this article, select examples of G×E from the literature are described to highlight different approaches an...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx230
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both early life and adult socioeconomic status (SES) predict late-life level of memory; however, evidence is mixed on the relationship between SES and rate of memory decline. Further, the relative importance of different life-course periods for rate of late-life memory decline has not been evaluated. We examined assoc...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx155
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observational studies and randomized controlled trials of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) and chronic disease risk appear to have divergent results for cardiovascular disease. However, differences may be related to a modifying effect of age, time since menopause, and HT formulation. In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx131
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Beginning in 2002, New York City (NYC) implemented numerous policies and programs targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Using death certificates, we analyzed trends in NYC-specific and US mortality rates from 1990 to 2011 for all causes, any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD)...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx134
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between low-level crystalline silica (silica) exposure and mortality risk is not well understood. We investigated a cohort of 44,807 Chinese workers who had worked in metal mines or pottery factories for at least 1 year from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 1974, and were followed through 2003. Low-lev...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx124
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx047
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although the inverse association between hysterectomy and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was considered well established, investigators in recent studies including women diagnosed after 2000 have observed modest increases in risk. Most studies have been conducted in white women with little representation of African-A...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx055
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there is some evidence of an association between loss of a sibling in adulthood and subsequent mortality, there have been no previous studies in which investigators have examined whether the death of a sibling in childhood is associated with adult mortality using total population data. Data on a national coho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww126
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated 3 index-based dietary patterns-Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, HEI-2010, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010-in relation to ovarian cancer risk in African-American women. The study was conducted among 415 ovarian cancer cases and 629 age- and site-matched controls of African-American d...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx022
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated associations between neighborhood supermarket gain or loss and glycemic control (assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values) in patients from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry (n = 434,806 person-years; 2007-2010). Annual clinical measures were linked to metrics from a geogra...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx017
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Racial and ethnic differences in associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated using data from population-based cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program in the United States. The study included 8,383 ALL ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww164
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::In his 1976 paper "Estimability and Estimation in Case-Referent Studies" (Am J Epidemiol. 1976;103(2):226-235), Miettinen weaved together a patchwork of new ideas into a coherent view of case-control studies. His article spurred theoretical development in epidemiologic methods and became a platform for teaching about ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx074
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In public health, it has long been observed that "place"-specifically, where one lives-affects individual health, with the main research question distinguishing between the effects of "context" (defined as area characteristics) and "composition" (the characteristics of inhabitants) on health outcomes. There have been ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx085
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A propensity score (PS) model's ability to control confounding can be assessed by evaluating covariate balance across exposure groups after PS adjustment. The optimal strategy for evaluating a disease risk score (DRS) model's ability to control confounding is less clear. DRS models cannot be evaluated through balance ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx032
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular lymphoma (FL) risk is strongly associated with germline genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. Cigarette smoking has been suggested to increase FL risk, primarily among women. We hypothesized that amino acids in HLA-antigen D-related β1 subunit (DRB1) interact with smoking in FL risk, ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww118
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary clinical databases are an important and growing source of data for comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies. However, measurement of confounders, such as biomarker values or patient-reported health status, in secondary clinical databases may not align with the initiation of a new treatment. In many p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww136
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Risk of death during the first year of life due to external causes, such as unintentional injury and homicide, may be higher among twins and higher-order multiples than among singletons in the United States. We used national birth cohort linked birth-infant death data (2000-2010) to evaluate the risk of infant mortali...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww119
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin B12 (hereafter referred to as B12) deficiency in pregnancy is prevalent and has been associated with both lower birth weight (birth weight <2,500 g) and preterm birth (length of gestation <37 weeks). Nevertheless, current evidence is contradictory. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of indivi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kww212
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of the Journal, Ghiasvand et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(3):147-156) present results from a longitudinal study of the association between indoor tanning and melanoma in a large cohort of Norwegian women. These new data further support previous findings on the damaging effects of tanning bed exposure on...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww149
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its components-abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia-predict cardiovascula...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww157
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does a rise in crime result in increased sitting time and a reduction in physical activity? We used unobserved ("fixed")-effects models to examine associations between change in objectively measured crime (nondomestic violence, malicious damage, breaking and entering, and stealing, theft, and robbery) in Australia and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww106
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Whether risk compensation could offset the preventive effect of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains unknown. Using virological and behavioral data collected 12 months after inclusion in the TEMPRANO randomized trial of early ART (Abidjan, Côte d'I...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww127
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Standardization procedures are commonly used to combine phenotype data that were measured using different instruments, but there is little information on how the choice of standardization method influences pooled estimates and heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is of key importance in meta-analyses of observational studies ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww098
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic testing is recommended in women with "ovarian cancer symptoms." However, these symptoms are nonspecific. The ongoing Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer Early (DOVE) Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, provides diagnostic testing to women aged 50 years or older with symptoms lasting for more than 2 weeks and less than...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww086
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv454
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::We used full-system-estimation instrumental-variables simultaneous equations modeling (IV-SEM) to examine physical activity relative to body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) using 25 years of data (1985/1986 to 2010/2011) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 5,115; a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww010
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bias due to selective mortality is a potential concern in many studies and is especially relevant in cognitive aging research because cognitive impairment strongly predicts subsequent mortality. Biased estimation of the effect of an exposure on rate of cognitive decline can occur when mortality is a common effect of e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv451
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unbiased estimation of causal parameters from marginal structural models (MSMs) requires a fundamental assumption of no unmeasured confounding. Unfortunately, the time-varying covariates used to obtain inverse probability weights are often error-prone. Although substantial measurement error in important confounders is...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww068
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to a higher incidence of dementia. Less is known about the association between SES and mortality in persons with dementia. We studied this association in a prospective cohort of 15,558 patients in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2010. SES was measured using disposable ho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv319
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have suggested an association between fetal growth restriction and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). However, addressing this association is methodologically challenging. We conducted a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy in Cambridge, United Kingdom (2...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv345
更新日期:2016-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::In response to community concerns, we used the Tribal Participatory Research framework in collaboration with 5 American-Indian communities in Washington, Idaho, and Montana to identify the appropriate criteria for aggregating health data on small tribes. Across tribal sites, 10 key informant interviews and 10 focus gr...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv334
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the population ages, the burden of disease from cognitive decline and dementing illness is rising. In the absence of treatments to reverse cognitive decline, prevention is a public health priority. Physical fitness and physical activity have emerged as prevention targets based on evidence of "neuroprotective" benef...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww029
更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the possible association between body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) and hospitalization or treatment for acute infection in a prospective cohort study. We linked 75,001 women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 1996 to 2002, who had information on BMI and a broad range of co...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv300
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza is a significant problem within hospitals, leading to extended hospital stays, excess morbidity and mortality, and economic loss. Prevention and control strategies are generally "bundled"; therefore, the individual effects of particular strategies and the value of combined strategies cannot be determined dir...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv293
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a case-control study, matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many confounders, should theoretically result in greater precision than matching on only a few confounders; however, this has not been investigated. We simulated 1,000 hypothetical cohorts with a binary exposure, a time-to-event outcome, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv269
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have compared calipers for propensity score (PS) matching, but none have considered calipers for matching on the disease risk score (DRS). We used Medicare claims data to perform 3 cohort studies of medication initiators: a study of raloxifene versus alendronate in 1-year nonvertebral fracture risk, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv302
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00