Abstract：
:In public health, it has long been observed that "place"-specifically, where one lives-affects individual health, with the main research question distinguishing between the effects of "context" (defined as area characteristics) and "composition" (the characteristics of inhabitants) on health outcomes. There have been many studies in which the spatial patterning of disease has been explored, but they were often ecological in design, used broad census geographic levels, lacked individual-level data, or when available, did not simultaneously analyze community- and individual-level risk factors using appropriate modeling techniques. The paper by Diez-Roux et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146(1):48-63) represents an important expansion of the literature in terms of analytic methods used and level of geography studied. The authors demonstrated that both neighborhood- and individual-level measures of socioeconomic status work together to play an important role in shaping disease risk. Analyses incorporating both levels of data have the potential to provide epidemiologists with a deeper understanding of the divergent pathways via which neighborhood affects health.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Cozier YCdoi
10.1093/aje/kwx085subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
1203-1205issue
11eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
3849428journal_volume
185pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The Bangkok (Thailand) Metropolitan Administration cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) consisted of 1,209 IDUs initially seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were followed from 1995 to 1998 at 15 Administration drug treatment clinics. At enrollment and approximately every 4 months thereafter, part...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.2.159
更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1970-1979, the incidence of human leptospirosis in Israel was 0.7 per 100,000 population. The majority of the cases (62%) occurred in northeastern Israel (Upper Galilee). Prior to 1973 the main infecting serotypes were grippotyphosa (41%) and Hebdomadis szwajizak (31%). Following the first outbreak of Hebdomadis ha...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113312
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated 3 index-based dietary patterns-Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, HEI-2010, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010-in relation to ovarian cancer risk in African-American women. The study was conducted among 415 ovarian cancer cases and 629 age- and site-matched controls of African-American d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx022
更新日期：2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the mediation mechanisms by which an exposure or intervention affects an outcome can provide a look into what has been called a "black box" of many epidemiologic associations, thereby providing further evidence of a relationship and possible points of intervention. Rapid methodologic developments in medi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwy248
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observational studies suggest a longer duration of breastfeeding to be associated dose dependently with a decrease in risk of overweight in later life. The authors performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the existing studies on duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight. Studies were included that reported th...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi222
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the natural history of weight change in the years prior to death among older persons and to examine how this pattern varies according to longevity and cause of death. Weight trajectories were analyzed by using data from 800 male decedents from the Baltimore Longitudinal...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq168
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes confers a higher risk of cardiovascular disease on women than on men. The reasons for these sex differences, such as poorer cardiovascular risk factor profiles, have received considerable attention. However, a recent report on sex × diabetes interactions on cardiovascular disease identified that few if any pr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx327
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast arterial calcification (BAC) has been associated with diabetes and hypertension. This prompted the authors to study the relation between BAC and cardiovascular mortality in a cohort of 12,239 women aged 50-68 years who participated in a population-based breast cancer screening project (DOM Project) in Utrecht, ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009455
更新日期：1998-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have focused on the impact of weight maintenance on cardiovascular disease risk factors or addressed whether changes differ by baseline weight status and medication usage. The authors examined these issues using 9 years of follow-up data on 3,235 men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk072
更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluorescent oxidation products in plasma are stable with routine blood collection methods and reflect oxidation in food, animals, and in vitro. Whether plasma fluorescent oxidation products predict future coronary heart disease has not been established. Among US men without cardiovascular disease who provided blood sp...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm120
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agreement between frequency and quantitative dietary methods was assessed for the ability of frequency intake data to substitute for quantitative intake data in diet-disease investigations. Frequency and quantitative intakes of 342 male subjects participating in an ongoing case-control study in Hawaii during 1981-1982...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113751
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284 pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of lung cancer. Self-administered questionnaires were co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh290
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterogeneous exposure associations (HEAs) can be defined as differences in the association of an exposure with an outcome among subgroups that differ by a set of characteristics. In this article, we intend to foster discussion of HEAs in the epidemiologic literature and present a variant of the random forest algorith...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwz218
更新日期：2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied cancer prevalence and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. A comparison group of Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the same period ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009863
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proportional hazards models measuring the effect of age at onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on mortality risk are presented. The study population consisted of 924 insulin-dependent diabetic patients who were seen within 1 year of diagnosis at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1950 and 1981 and were...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115804
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this case-control study, the authors aimed to examine whether use of an electric bedding device increased breast cancer risk in African-American women. Cases were 304 African-American patients diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995-1998 who were aged 20-64 years and lived in one of three Tennessee counties. Contr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg220
更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:After diagnosis with prostate cancer, Black men in the United States have poorer survival than White men, even after controlling for differences in cancer stage. The extent to which these racial survival differences are due to biologic versus non-biologic factors is unclear, and it has been hypothesized that differenc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010221
更新日期：2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors previously reported statistically significant inverse associations between adult onset glioma and histories of chickenpox and shingles among 462 cases and 443 controls in the San Francisco Bay Area Adult Glioma Study (1991--1995) and a suggestive but nonsignificant inverse association with immunoglobulin G...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.2.161
更新日期：2001-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the associations of hostility measured in adulthood with subsequent body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) assessed at 4 time points over a 19-year period (1985-2004) in a United Kingdom cohort study. A total of 6,484 participants (4,494 men and 1,990 women) aged 35-55 years at baseline ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn333
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An exact probability test and its asymptotic version are described for testing the hypothesis that clustering of disease observed among population units is likely to have been due to chance alone. The test is based on a scheme for ranking possible arrangements of ill and well persons by degree of clustering, as measur...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113684
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When waist circumference is taken into account, larger hip circumference is associated with reduced risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The authors investigated the prospective association of hip circumference with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in a biracial cohort of men...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn395
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for patients with unipolar depression, yet there is little guidance on which SSRI provides the most benefit to a patient, based on her/his personal characteristics. In this work, we explore whether an individualized treatment strategy can be ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa260
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Current hypotheses consonant with the peak in leukemia incidence in early childhood point to an infectious etiology. The authors examined the effect of postnatal exposures predicted to affect early immune functioning, including childhood vaccinations, illness, medication use, and breastfeeding patterns. Children 0-15 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm339
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Death rarely results from only one cause, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. Multiple cause-of-death data files can list as many as 20 contributing causes of death in addition to the reported underlying cause of death. Analysis of multiple cause-of-death data can provide information on associations between ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm037
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four random samples representing populations at low (volunteer blood donors), intermediate, (VD clinic patients), high (family contacts of chronic antigen carriers) and very high (male homosexuals) risk of exposure to HBV were surveyed. Among HBsAg and anti-HBs negative individuals an average of 3.3% were found to be ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112298
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessing vitamin and mineral supplement use is important because supplement use per se is an exposure of interest for the risk of several chronic diseases and because supplements contribute a large proportion of total (diet plus supplement) micronutrient intake, another important exposure in epidemiologic research. U...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/148.7.643
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flaws in the design of randomized trials may bias intervention effect estimates and increase between-trial heterogeneity. Empirical evidence suggests that these problems are greatest for subjectively assessed outcomes. For the Risk of Bias in Evidence Synthesis (ROBES) Study, we extracted risk-of-bias judgements (for ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx344
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality among persons with diabetes mellitus, but the factors that account for this high coronary heart disease mortality remain unclear. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, conducted from 1982 to 1984, 92 deaths from...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115834
更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza-like illness data are collected via an Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance Network at the state level. Because participation is voluntary, locations of the sentinel providers may not reflect optimal geographic placement. The purpose of this study was to determine the "best" locations for sentinel provid...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp270
更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between breast feeding and the risk of severe cholera was examined in a case-control study of rural Bangladeshi children under 36 months of age who were studied in 1985-1986 during a field trial of killed oral cholera vaccines. A total of 116 cases who were treated for severe cholera were compared with...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115515
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
