Lessons Learned From Past Gene-Environment Interaction Successes.

abstract：:In November 1986, a statewide outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Washington State was identified after a physician in an eastern Washington community hospitalized three patients with hemorrhagic colitis which progressed to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Epidemiologic investigation identified 37 c...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ostroff SM,Griffin PM,Tauxe RV,Shipman LD,Greene KD,Wells JG,Lewis JH,Blake PA,Kobayashi JM

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mid-19th century, the German hygienist Max von Pettenkofer viewed cholera as resulting from the interaction between a postulated cholera germ and the characteristics of soils. In order to cause cholera, the cholera germ had to become a cholera miasma, but this transformation required prolonged contact of the ge...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Morabia A

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Nepal Blindness Survey, 39,887 people in 105 sites were examined by 10 ophthalmologists from Nepal and four other countries during 1981. Ophthalmic protocols were pretested on approximately 3000 subjects; however, interobserver variability was inevitable. To quantify the amount of variability and assess the rel...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brilliant LB,Lepkowski JM,Musch DC

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors present a computer program for hypothesis testing and calculation of exact binomial confidence intervals for the adjusted relative risk in follow-up studies involving multiple strata with incidence density (person-time) denominators and small or zero person-count numerators. The program is an extension to ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Guess HA,Lydick EG,Small RD,Miller LP

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidemiologist primarily studies transitions between states of health and disease. The purpose of the present article is to define a foundational parameter for such studies, namely risk. We begin simply and build to the setting in which there is more than 1 event type (i.e., competing risks or competing events), a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Cole SR,Hudgens MG,Brookhart MA,Westreich D

更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Work-related aircraft crashes are the leading cause of occupational fatality in Alaska, with civilian pilots having the highest fatality rate (410/100,000/year). To identify factors affecting survivability, the authors examined work-related aircraft crashes that occurred in Alaska in the 1990s (1990-1999), comparing c...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bensyl DM,Moran K,Conway GA

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (1958-2004) were used in a prospective study of the relation of financial adversity in childhood to lung function in midlife. It was hypothesized that such a relation would be found and would be mediated partly by early housing deprivation, partly by continuities in ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bartley M,Kelly Y,Sacker A

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and cigaret...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brisson J,Roy M,Fortier M,Bouchard C,Meisels A

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To test the hypothesis that subtle changes in the resting electrocardiogram can have predictive value for subsequent cardiovascular disease, the authors evaluated serial electrocardiograms from a cohort of initially healthy men and related these to later development of ischemic heart disease. The cohort of 1056 men or...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Harlan WR,Cowie CC,Oberman A,Mitchell RE,MacIntyre NR

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison between prescriber records and patient-reported oral contraceptive histories obtained during a case-control study of thromboembolism and oral contraceptive use served as the basis for evaluating the extent of agreement between these two sources of information. Agreement between oral contraceptive user and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Stolley PD,Tonascia JA,Sartwell PE,Tockman MS,Tonascia S,Rutledge A,Schinnar R

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While time-series studies have consistently provided evidence for an effect of particulate air pollution on mortality, uncertainty remains as to the extent of the life-shortening implied by those associations. In this paper, the authors estimate the association between air pollution and mortality using different times...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Dominici F,McDermott A,Zeger SL,Samet JM

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In public health, it has long been observed that "place"-specifically, where one lives-affects individual health, with the main research question distinguishing between the effects of "context" (defined as area characteristics) and "composition" (the characteristics of inhabitants) on health outcomes. There have been ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Cozier YC

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the association between alcohol consumption and mortality in Japan, where mortality and lifestyle differ substantially from Western countries, a population-based prospective study was conducted in four public health center areas as part of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study on cancer and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tsugane S,Fahey MT,Sasaki S,Baba S

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and prevalent case-control studies suggest an association between biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and adiposity and cancer risk, but results from prospective studies have been limited. The authors' objective was to prospectively examine the relations between these biomarkers and cancer r...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Touvier M,Fezeu L,Ahluwalia N,Julia C,Charnaux N,Sutton A,Méjean C,Latino-Martel P,Hercberg S,Galan P,Czernichow S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preterm delivery rate in North Carolina is consistently higher than the national average. However, recent reports suggest that singleton preterm delivery rates for non-Hispanic Whites are increasing while those for non-Hispanic African Americans are decreasing. To study this pattern further, the authors examined d...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vahratian A,Buekens P,Bennett TA,Meyer RE,Kogan MD,Yu SM

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors studied temporal change in the reproducibility of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. During 1988-1994, 492 residents of a rural Japanese town completed five questionnaires including 27 food items, with intervals ranging from 2 weeks through 5.5 years. The reproducibility decreased steadily o...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tsubono Y,Nishino Y,Fukao A,Hisamichi S,Tsugane S

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk of death during the first year of life due to external causes, such as unintentional injury and homicide, may be higher among twins and higher-order multiples than among singletons in the United States. We used national birth cohort linked birth-infant death data (2000-2010) to evaluate the risk of infant mortali...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ahrens KA,Thoma ME,Rossen LM,Warner M,Simon AE

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eighty-eight cases with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the endometrium and 177 age-matched neighborhood controls were interviewed to test the hypothesis that exogenous estrogens lead to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Forth-five per cent of the cases and 22% of the controls reported a history of estrogen use wh...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Spengler RF,Clarke EA,Woolever CA,Newman AM,Osborn RW

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors assessed the relation between cigarette smoking and nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease in a case-control study of 124 cases of ulcerative colitis, 109 cases of Crohn's disease, and 250 age- and sex-matched control subjects in hospital for acute nongastric or intestinal conditions unrelated to smoking. ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Franceschi S,Panza E,La Vecchia C,Parazzini F,Decarli A,Bianchi Porro G

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because the magnitude of tracking coefficients (i.e., stability coefficients and tracking for subjects at risk) greatly depends on the initial age of subjects, the number and spacing of longitudinal measurements, and the length of the total time period, it is difficult to compare tracking coefficients from different s...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Twisk JW,Kemper HC,van Mechelen W,Post GB

更新日期：1997-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The knowledge of leprosy epidemiology is still extremely limited as to basic epidemiologic characteristics. Only the infectious agent and the reservoir of infection have been firmly established. It is all the more surprising that very few studies of analytical leprosy epidemiology are reported in the literature. In or...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vries JL,Perry BH

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured in 4170 nondiabetic adult residents of a suburban California community. At all ages the median FPG in men was higher (103-107 mg/dl) than the median FPG in women (96-104 mg/dl). FPG levels correlated weakly with obesity, and male-female differences persisted after adjustme...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Barrett-Connor E

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this analysis was to identify risk factors for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual and bisexual men in Ontario, Canada, during 1998-2001. Participants were recruited through the provincial HIV diagnostic laboratory and through physicians and community organizations. HI...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Calzavara L,Burchell AN,Remis RS,Major C,Corey P,Myers T,Millson M,Wallace E

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In November 1984, a foodborne outbreak of Norwalk gastroenteritis occurred in a K-12 public school in northern Vermont. The outbreak offered an opportunity to systematically study in detail secondary transmission rates in households. Eating salad at Tuesday's school-sponsored Thanksgiving Banquet was associated with i...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Heun EM,Vogt RL,Hudson PJ,Parren S,Gary GW

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient control of confounding is well recognized as a legitimate motive for restriction, matching, and conditional analysis in case-control studies. Some investigators, however, have advocated use of the same techniques for another purpose: to achieve a balance of "opportunity" or "potential" for past exposure betw...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Poole C

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A prospective panel cohort design was used to investigate whether mental disorders common in the general population increase the likelihood of increased cigarette smoking at 12 months follow-up. By 1995, the last year for which data were available, a random sample of 12,057 persons aged 16-75 years residing in private...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ismail K,Sloggett A,De Stavola B

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence from epidemiologic and experimental studies suggests that use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces risk of colon and breast cancer. The association between use of aspirin and other NSAIDs and risk of adult glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was evaluated among 236 incident GBM cases and 401 popu...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Sivak-Sears NR,Schwartzbaum JA,Miike R,Moghadassi M,Wrensch M

更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Active surveillance to detect all patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome who had had onset of illness from July 1, 1976 through April 30, 1977 was undertaken in Michigan after indications that the syndrome might be associated with the National Influenza Immunization Program of 1976-1977. Hospital record room librarians...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Breman JG,Hayner NS

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In randomized controlled trials, the intention-to-treat estimator provides an unbiased estimate of the causal effect of treatment assignment on the outcome. However, patients often want to know what the effect would be if they were to take the treatment as prescribed (the patient-oriented effect), and several research...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Steele RJ,Shrier I,Kaufman JS,Platt RW

更新日期：2015-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and all-cause mortality in older adults, we examined these associations using data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a prospective study of residents of the Leisure World retirement community in Laguna Hills, California. In the early 1980s, participants ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Paganini-Hill A,Kawas CH,Corrada MM

更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00