Abstract:
:Does a rise in crime result in increased sitting time and a reduction in physical activity? We used unobserved ("fixed")-effects models to examine associations between change in objectively measured crime (nondomestic violence, malicious damage, breaking and entering, and stealing, theft, and robbery) in Australia and measures of sitting time, walking, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a residentially stable sample of 17,474 men and 19,688 women at baseline (2006-2008) and follow-up (2009-2010). Possible sources of time-varying confounding included age, income, economic status, relationship (couple) status, and physical functioning. In adjusted models, an increase in all crimes of 10 counts per 1,000 residents was associated with an increase in sitting time (hours/day) among men (β = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.25) and women (β = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.22). Counterintuitively, the same increase in crime was also associated with an increase in the weekly number of ≥10-minute walking sessions (men: rate ratio (RR) = 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02); women: RR = 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01)) and MVPA sessions (men: RR = 1.02 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.03); women: RR = 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.02)). Similar associations were found for the other area-level crime indicators. While area-level crime prevention may be considered a lever for promoting more active lifestyles, these results suggest that the association is not unequivocal.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Astell-Burt T,Feng X,Kolt GS,Jalaludin Bdoi
10.1093/aje/kww106subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-15 00:00:00pages
913-921issue
12eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kww106journal_volume
184pub_type
杂志文章abstract::From 610 blood samples collected in September 1983 in an intervention trial in Huixian, Henan Province, People's Republic of China, which were individually analyzed for retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol levels, 10 pools were formed from 50 individual samples, and the vitamin levels in the merged pools were ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114269
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied temporal change in the reproducibility of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. During 1988-1994, 492 residents of a rural Japanese town completed five questionnaires including 27 food items, with intervals ranging from 2 weeks through 5.5 years. The reproducibility decreased steadily o...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117582
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A statewide cross-sectional study of risk factors for seropositivity for antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in outdoor workers in New Jersey was performed in September and October 1988. The crude odds ratio associated with exposure to ticks on the primary state job was 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-9.0). After a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115578
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few reports on population-based studies of birth rate among epilepsy patients have been published. In most previous studies, fertility has been lower among epilepsy patients than in the rest of the population. However, conflicting results have also been reported. Because of small samples and selective material, the ge...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh140
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation of the interval of time between death and next-of-kin contact to outcome variables including response rates and data quality was examined in a nationally representative sample of 17,713 deaths of persons 25 years of age or older that occurred in the United States in 1986. For most of the outcome variables...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116051
更新日期:1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the relationship of per capita coffee imports and consumption, total dietary fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, tobacco, cigarettes, and national income for 1957-1965 to age-adjusted pancreatic cancer death rates of men and women from 22 countries in 1971-1974. With simple correlation analysis, coffe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113674
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study investigated the prevalence of antibodies to five leading agents of childhood respiratory disease in the county of Huixquilucan, Mexico. Tests of sera from a random sample of children between 3 months and 18 years of age confirmed serologically the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial (RS...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112113
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory processes are known to drive the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer disease, as well as all-cause mortality. Emerging research indicates that women who have a longer reproductive life span-roughly determined as the period from menarche to menopause or ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz266
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of strong assumptions (e.g., exchangeability), only bounds for causal effects can be identified. Here we describe bounds for the risk difference for an effect of a binary exposure on a binary outcome in 4 common study settings: observational studies and randomized studies, each with and without simple r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz060
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple imputation is increasingly recommended in epidemiology to adjust for the bias and loss of information that may occur in analyses restricted to study participants with complete data ("complete-case analyses"). However, little guidance is available on applying the method, including which variables to include in...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq137
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The receiver operating characteristic curve is a commonly used tool for evaluating biomarker usefulness in clinical diagnosis of disease. Frequently, biomarkers being assessed have immeasurable or unreportable samples below some limit of detection. Ignoring observations below the limit of detection leads to negatively...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk011
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative contribution of menopause to the age-related increase in serum total cholesterol concentration in women is not exactly known. Cross-sectional studies suggest a considerable contribution of menopause, whereas in short-term longitudinal studies, only a small increase was observed around menopause. In a 10-y...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116686
更新日期:1993-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The use of confidence intervals has become standard in the presentation of statistical results in medical journals. Calculation of confidence limits can be straightforward using the normal approximation with an estimate of the standard error, and in particular cases exact solutions can be obtained from published table...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009523
更新日期:1998-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this case-control study, the authors aimed to examine whether use of an electric bedding device increased breast cancer risk in African-American women. Cases were 304 African-American patients diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995-1998 who were aged 20-64 years and lived in one of three Tennessee counties. Contr...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg220
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Slow childhood growth is associated with poorer intellectual ability. The critical periods of growth remain uncertain. Among 2,786 Finnish male military conscripts (1952-1972) born in 1934-1944, the authors tested how specific growth periods from birth to age 20 years predicted verbal, visuospatial, and arithmetic abi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp132
更新日期:2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study, conducted from September 1999 to March 2000. The purpose of the study was to assess dietary measurement error using two self-reported dietary instruments-the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24-hour dietary recall (24HR)-and unbias...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg092
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the spring of 1986, the authors studied the relation between body mass index and anthropometric indicators of fat distribution to cardiovascular risk factors (serum lipids and blood pressure) in approximately 450 women aged 38 years randomly selected from population registers in five European centers. Waist circumf...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115322
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 40,000 blood samples drawn in 1968-1972 by the Social Insurance Institution's mobile clinic in Finland have been stored. Linking cancer incidence data obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry with this material yielded 32 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed after drawing of the blood sample. These 32 ind...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116656
更新日期:1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have provided evidence of an inverse association between atopic allergic conditions (AACs) and invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in predominantly white populations. We examined the association between AACs (asthma, hay fever, or allergy) and CRC among white, African-American, Native Hawa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu361
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Racial and ethnic differences in associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated using data from population-based cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program in the United States. The study included 8,383 ALL ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww164
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of cigarette-smoking and nonfatal myocardial infarction (AMI) was evaluated using the case-control approach. Overall, the association was present for smokers of one and two packs per day, the standardized rate-ratio estimates being 1.5 and 1.7, respectively. The association was strongest in those who ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112202
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of summertime haze episodes on daily variations in symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) was examined in a study of 108 children living in State College, Pennsylvania, during the summer of 1991. Twice daily, each child recorded symptoms, PEFRs and hours spent outdoors. Environmental measurements i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008818
更新日期:1996-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The association between a single interpregnancy interval (IPI) and birth outcomes has not yet been explored using matched methods. We modeled the odds of preterm birth, being small for gestational age, and having low birth weight in a second, live-born infant in a cohort of 192,041 sibling pairs born in Western Austra...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy188
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The associations of intakes of calcium and vitamin D with colorectal cancer risk were examined in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (Hawaii and Los Angeles, California). In 1993-1996, 85,903 men and 105,108 women aged > or =45 years completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A total of 2,110 incident cases of c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk069
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eating disorders are a leading cause of disease burden among young women. This study investigated associations of social characteristics of parents and grandparents, sibling position, and school performance with incidence of eating disorders. The authors studied Swedish females born in 1952-1989 (n = 13,376), third-ge...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp166
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated 3 index-based dietary patterns-Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, HEI-2010, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010-in relation to ovarian cancer risk in African-American women. The study was conducted among 415 ovarian cancer cases and 629 age- and site-matched controls of African-American d...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx022
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the leading identifiable predisposing factor for preterm birth. Although maternal exposure to air pollution can potentially have an impact on preterm PROM, there is no available evidence on such an impact. In this study, based on 5,555 singleton births occurring in Barc...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt240
更新日期:2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::It is common in population screening surveys or in the investigation of new diagnostic tests to have results from one or more tests investigating the same condition or disease, none of which can be considered a gold standard. For example, two methods often used in population-based surveys for estimating the prevalence...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117428
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contemporary searches for new risk factors frequently involve genome-wide explorations of very large numbers of candidate risk variants. Given that diseases can often be classified into subtypes that possess evidence of etiologic heterogeneity, the question arises as to whether or not a search for new risk factors wou...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws128
更新日期:2012-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Longitudinal studies aimed at assessing the impact of interventions on disease risk factors often confront several statistical problems. These problems include 1) dependent variables measured by ordered categories, 2) numerous potentially relevant patterns of transition between outcome levels, 3) mixed units of analys...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115399
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00