Bayesian estimation of disease prevalence and the parameters of diagnostic tests in the absence of a gold standard.

abstract：:A survey was carried out on a random sample of 1,288 Mexican Americans and 929 Anglos living in three socially distinct neighborhoods in San Antonio, Texas. Hypertension was defined as diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg or currently taking antihypertensive medication. Overall age-adjusted preval...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Franco LJ,Stern MP,Rosenthal M,Haffner SM,Hazuda HP,Comeaux PJ

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plague (infection by Yersinia pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899-1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. The first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, on ships from the Orient. Both species were already established in Hawaii and became the widesp...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tomich PQ,Barnes AM,Devick WS,Higa HH,Haas GE

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty-eight children with Reye's syndrome (RS) confirmed by liver biopsy were treated at the University of Cincinnati between 1963 and 1974. Cases were clustered in the winter and spring with the peak in February and March. These coincided with the occurrence of influenza and, numerically, were associated more closely...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Linnemann CC Jr,Shea L,Partin JC,Schubert WK,Schiff GM

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors reviewed all cases of active tuberculosis newly reported to a population-based registry between 1970 and 1985 to compare a large urban area with the mostly rural remainder of the province of British Columbia, Canada. Although incidence rates have declined steadily in the rural area, they have not done so i...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Enarson DA,Wang JS,Dirks JM

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Periconceptional intake of folic acid prevents some neural tube defects (NTDs). Other nutrients may also contribute to NTD etiologies; a likely candidate is choline. Similar to folic acid, choline is involved in one-carbon metabolism for methylation of homocysteine to methionine. The authors investigated whether mater...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Shaw GM,Carmichael SL,Yang W,Selvin S,Schaffer DM

更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Alaskan Eskimos is characterized by greatly increased disease incidence at younger ages. This suggests that Eskimo infants have increased exposure to the disease. Exposure was studied in 1982-1983 in children less than age three years who lived in four Eskimo villages, as well ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hall DB,Lum MK,Knutson LR,Heyward WL,Ward JI

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differential survival associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was evaluated in a cross-country study using four population-based IDDM cohorts from Japan (n = 1,374), Israel (n = 610), Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (n = 995), and Finland (n = 5,144). For the purpose of this cross-country comparison,...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors：

更新日期：1995-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combin...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Cole SR,Lau B,Eron JJ,Brookhart MA,Kitahata MM,Martin JN,Mathews WC,Mugavero MJ,CNICS Research Network.

更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 80% of sexually active young women in the United States use hormonal contraceptives during their reproductive years. Associations between hormonal contraceptive use and mood disturbances remain understudied, despite the hypothesis that estrogen and progesterone play a role in mood problems. In this study,...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Keyes KM,Cheslack-Postava K,Westhoff C,Heim CM,Haloossim M,Walsh K,Koenen K

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The return of fertility for women who discontinue oral contraceptives takes longer as compared with women who discontinue other methods of contraception. It remains unclear, however, whether subsequent fertility differs according to duration or age at first use. The authors performed a nested case-control study within...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Chasan-Taber L,Willett WC,Stampfer MJ,Spiegelman D,Rosner BA,Hunter DJ,Colditz GA,Manson JE

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Bangkok (Thailand) Metropolitan Administration cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) consisted of 1,209 IDUs initially seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were followed from 1995 to 1998 at 15 Administration drug treatment clinics. At enrollment and approximately every 4 months thereafter, part...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hudgens MG,Longini IM Jr,Vanichseni S,Hu DJ,Kitayaporn D,Mock PA,Halloran ME,Satten GA,Choopanya K,Mastro TD

更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Menstrual bleeding patterns are considered relevant indicators of reproductive health, though few studies have evaluated patterns among regularly menstruating premenopausal women. The authors evaluated self-reported bleeding patterns, incidence of spotting, and associations with reproductive hormones among 201 women i...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Dasharathy SS,Mumford SL,Pollack AZ,Perkins NJ,Mattison DR,Wactawski-Wende J,Schisterman EF

更新日期：2012-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of cervical neoplasia was evaluated in a case-control study of 183 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with 183 age-matched outpatient controls, and of 230 cases of invasive cervical cancer compared with 230 controls in hospital for acute condition...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： La Vecchia C,Franceschi S,Decarli A,Fasoli M,Gentile A,Tognoni G

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The survival duration for pancreatic cancer is short. Given its low lifetime risk (1.5%), established factors for the disease have insufficient specificity to identify individuals at high risk of nonfamilial cancer, and prediagnostic signs and symptoms are vague and not limited to pancreatic causes. We considered whet...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Risch HA,Yu H,Lu L,Kidd MS

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A community sample made in the fall of 1972 in Durham County, North Carolina, and that consisted of 331 persons 65 years of age and older was assessed for adequacy of social support along three parameters: roles and available attachments, perceived social support, and frequency of social interaction. This approach to ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Blazer DG

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population-based disease registries for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer were linked for San Francisco residents to study the pattern of AIDS-associated malignancies diagnosed during the time period 1980-1987. A total of 1,756 newly diagnosed malignancies were identified during these years among me...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Reynolds P,Saunders LD,Layefsky ME,Lemp GF

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the first wave of pandemic influenza or a bioterrorist influenza attack, antiviral agents would be one of the few options to contain the epidemic in the United States until adequate supplies of vaccine were available. The authors use stochastic epidemic simulations to investigate the effectiveness of targeted anti...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Longini IM Jr,Halloran ME,Nizam A,Yang Y

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case-control study of women with cervical abnormalities identified through Pap smears, was conducted in the Bronx, New York, to explore the relationship between nutritional intake and cervical dysplasia. Nutrient intake was estimated from computer analysis of three-day food records and 24-hour recall for 169 study p...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Wassertheil-Smoller S,Romney SL,Wylie-Rosett J,Slagle S,Miller G,Lucido D,Duttagupta C,Palan PR

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, the authors report on the design of a population-based case-control study of family history as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). They studied the characteristics of subjects who completed a detailed family history questionnaire in 1992-1994 as well as the accuracy of recall of family histo...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Silberberg JS,Wlodarczyk J,Fryer J,Ray CD,Hensley MJ

更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and all-cause mortality in older adults, we examined these associations using data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a prospective study of residents of the Leisure World retirement community in Laguna Hills, California. In the early 1980s, participants ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Paganini-Hill A,Kawas CH,Corrada MM

更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Personality may influence the risk of death, but the evidence remains inconsistent. We examined associations between personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and the risk of death from all causes through individual-participant...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Jokela M,Batty GD,Nyberg ST,Virtanen M,Nabi H,Singh-Manoux A,Kivimäki M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolving concept of gender-based violence (GBV) is a multifaceted issue of public health significance. Until recently, most studies examining GBV have been conducted in North America. In this issue of the Journal, Palermo et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(5):602-612) report their secondary analyses involving approx...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Beydoun HA,Beydoun MA

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors have conducted an analysis to validate a computer model that uses age-specific human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence data to estimate age-specific HIV incidence rates. Data for the analysis are from a cohort study of volunteer male workers in Bujumbura, the capital city of Burundi. Testing for HIV ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Saidel T,Sokal D,Rice J,Buzingo T,Hassig S

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many epidemiologists have agreed that a refined estimate of the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) would need a sample size of about 200 cases and appropriate statistical methods enabling the inclusion of cases with defined periods of exposure. However, no such studies have been reported so ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Cai QC,Xu QF,Xu JM,Guo Q,Cheng X,Zhao GM,Sun QW,Lu J,Jiang QW

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood pressure later in life has been inversely associated with birth weight. However, concerns have been raised about whether this association merely reflects common environmental risk factors for both fetal growth restriction and high blood pressure or whether there is a genetic tendency to give birth to small babie...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhang J,Brenner RA,Klebanoff MA

更新日期：2001-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:According to antibody analysis, approximately two of every three intravenous drug users in Iceland have become infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this study, serum samples from 55 HCV antibody-positive intravenous drug users (39 males and 16 females) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the viral str...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Löve A,Sigurdsson JR,Stanzeit B,Briem H,Rikardsdottir H,Widell A

更新日期：1996-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that hepatitis B is transmitted venereally was examined by determining the prevalence of hepatitis B antibody (anti-HB(S)) in populations with different levels of promiscuity. Of 258 prostitutes, 31% were anti-HB(S) positive, compared to 10% of 258 female age-matched blood donors, 10% of 48 nuns living...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Frösner GG,Buchholz HM,Gerth HJ

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza-like illness data are collected via an Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance Network at the state level. Because participation is voluntary, locations of the sentinel providers may not reflect optimal geographic placement. The purpose of this study was to determine the "best" locations for sentinel provid...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Polgreen PM,Chen Z,Segre AM,Harris ML,Pentella MA,Rushton G

更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been few prospective studies relating diet to pancreatic cancer, with most having fewer than 100 cases and only one examining dietary nutrients. The authors prospectively examined dietary factors hypothesized to be associated with exocrine pancreatic cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prev...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ,Pietinen P,Taylor PR,Virtamo J,Albanes D

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To define better the epidemiology and clinical impact of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in less developed countries, the authors prospectively studied a cohort of 216 Yucpa Indian HBV carriers in Venezuela. HBV carriers were followed regularly between 1983 and 1988 by phys...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hadler SC,Alcala de Monzon M,Rivero D,Perez M,Bracho A,Fields H

更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00