Abstract：
:The evolving concept of gender-based violence (GBV) is a multifaceted issue of public health significance. Until recently, most studies examining GBV have been conducted in North America. In this issue of the Journal, Palermo et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(5):602-612) report their secondary analyses involving approximately 300,000 women from 24 developing countries who participated in Demographic and Health Surveys between 2004 and 2011. The focus of their article is on the prevalence and determinants of disclosure of GBV to formal authorities, including health care or legal professionals, police, and nongovernmental organizations. Their results indicate a wide gap between prevalence of GBV (40%) and GBV disclosure (7%), implying an underestimation of GBV that ranges from 11- to 128-fold, depending on the region and type of reporting. The extent of underreporting of GBV also varied according to personal characteristics such as age, marital status and urban or rural residence. GBV has been linked to a myriad of health problems, and it has been shown that health care utilization is considerably higher among women who have experienced GBV. Primary and secondary prevention efforts should continue to target GBV, and creative ways of addressing GBV nondisclosure should take into account regional variations and personal characteristics of affected women.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Beydoun HA,Beydoun MAdoi
10.1093/aje/kwt296subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
613-8issue
5eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwt296journal_volume
179pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract：:The absence of any standard definition of suicide cluster events hinders understanding of the prevalence of the problem, hinders the development of appropriate public health responses to observed clusters, and ultimately hinders investigation of the mechanisms underlying contagious communication of suicidal behavior. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115781
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwv454
更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Women with higher parity have a lower risk of ovarian cancer possibly because of pregnancy hormones, but the specific effect of different pregnancy hormones on ovarian cancer risk is not clear. Some clarification might be gained by considering situations where hormone levels vary between pregnancies. Study participant...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp185
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted descriptive and case-control studies to find factors associated with earthquake deaths due to the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on January 17, 1995, in Nishinomiya, Japan. In the case-control study, cases included all 1,104 deaths. Controls were randomly selected from survivors. Earthquake morta...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/153.2.153
更新日期：2001-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of adult health risks from exposures that occurred in childhood may require case-control studies in which subjects who are now adults are asked to provide information that might be more accurately provided by their parents. The quality of parental smoking and drinking histories provided by adult offspring w...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114453
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the natural history of weight change in the years prior to death among older persons and to examine how this pattern varies according to longevity and cause of death. Weight trajectories were analyzed by using data from 800 male decedents from the Baltimore Longitudinal...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq168
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A seroepidemiologic study of prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was simultaneously done in four populations: group I, nuns working as nurses or school teachers; group II, women admitted to a upper socioeconomic private hospital; group III, women admitted to a lower socioeconomic county hospital, and group...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112168
更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation of diet and nutritional supplements, cigarette use, alcohol consumption, and blood lipids to plasma levels of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol was studied among 330 men and women aged 18-79 years. Dietary carotene, preformed vitamin A, and vitamin E intake were estimated by a self-administered semiquant...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114804
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After screening out inappropriate or doubtful covariates on the basis of background knowledge, one may still be left with many potential confounders. It is then tempting to use statistical variable-selection methods to reduce the number used for adjustment. Nonetheless, there is no agreement on how selection should be...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm355
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family studies of exceptional longevity can potentially identify genetic and other factors contributing to long life and healthy aging. Although such studies seek families that are exceptionally long lived, they also need living members who can provide DNA and phenotype information. On the basis of these consideration...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp309
更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study on respiratory cancers was conducted in New Caledonia (South Pacific), where a high incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma had been observed. The disease pattern suggested an environmental exposure to asbestos. The first results showed that, in some areas, tremolite asbestos derived from loca...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010201
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although randomized controlled trials are regarded as the gold standard for comparison of treatments, evidence from observational studies is still relevant. To cope with the problem of possible confounding in these studies, investigators need methods for analyzing their results which adjust for confounders and lead to...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn010
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sibling aggregation of blood pressure has been shown in children 2 to 14 years of age. To determine the earliest age at which this finding is detectable, blood pressures were evaluated in 98 siblings from 43 black families with newborns. Variances of blood pressure scores were significantly greater among families than...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112247
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of organophosphate insecticides in cognitive disorders is supported by epidemiologic and biological evidence, but the effects of long-term exposure remain debated. We studied the association between organophosphate exposure and cognitive performance in vine workers from the PHYTONER study cohort in the...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws346
更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cluster randomized controlled trials (CRCTs) are attractive in settings in which individual randomization is difficult or impossible. This issue is common when studying several health problems in developing countries. The authors aimed to assess empirically the extent to which the prerequisite design and analysis aspe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg232
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors assessed the association between cognitive function and incidence and maintenance of overweight in preschool children. A population-based birth cohort was established in Menorca, Spain, between 1997 and 1999 (n = 482). Body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) was measured at ages 4 years and 6 years (n ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp140
更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen dramatically over the past 50 years. In the search for new risk factors, blood transfusions have been investigated and shown to be associated with subsequent lymphoma in some studies. The authors tested this association in a population-based, case-control study c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.8.725
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated 3 index-based dietary patterns-Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, HEI-2010, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010-in relation to ovarian cancer risk in African-American women. The study was conducted among 415 ovarian cancer cases and 629 age- and site-matched controls of African-American d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx022
更新日期：2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Plague (infection by Yersinia pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899-1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. The first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, on ships from the Orient. Both species were already established in Hawaii and became the widesp...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113745
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the relation of noncontraceptive estrogen use to the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women, the authors conducted a case-control study: 1,686 cases were compared with 2,077 hospital control subjects, of whom 1,120 had non-gynecologic cancers and 957 had nonmalignant (also non-gynecologic) conditi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116041
更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted a population-based case-control study to investigate whether clinically observed chickenpox, linked with a level of intensity for clinical expression, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in childhood. The cases were MS patients whose disease onset occurred between 1994 and 2003, before ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp039
更新日期：2009-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx047
更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1982-1984 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey used ultrasonography to investigate risk factors for gallstone disease (gallstones or cholecystectomy). Mexican American, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican men (n = 968) and women (n = 1,325) aged 20-74 years were selected from household samples in nine sta...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115574
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of missing values for a confounding variable are investigated in the setting of case-control studies in which, for simplicity, the effect of one binary risk factor and one categoric confounding variable on disease risk is under investigation. Some ad hoc techniques with which to deal with missing values ar...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116164
更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Above-average exposure to electromagnetic fields has been associated with certain nonmalignant medical conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, other neurologic diseases, depressive symptoms, and suicide. The authors conducted a nationwide mortality study in Denmark of 21,236 men employed in utility companies...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009654
更新日期：1998-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The preterm delivery rate in North Carolina is consistently higher than the national average. However, recent reports suggest that singleton preterm delivery rates for non-Hispanic Whites are increasing while those for non-Hispanic African Americans are decreasing. To study this pattern further, the authors examined d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh011
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple imputation is increasingly recommended in epidemiology to adjust for the bias and loss of information that may occur in analyses restricted to study participants with complete data ("complete-case analyses"). However, little guidance is available on applying the method, including which variables to include in...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq137
更新日期：2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhinovirus infections in Seattle families with schoolchildren (1975-1979) and in selected outpatients were revealed by virus shedding or antibody rise. These observations extend those in the Seattle Virus Watch (1965-1969). Analysis of rhinovirus serotype prevalence again revealed certain "common" persisting serotypes...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114166
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proto-oncogenes are genes coding for factors involved in cellular growth, reproduction, and differentiation. Cancer results through mutations of proto-oncogenes or through other mechanisms involving the products of proto-oncogenes. This study asks whether serum proteins immunologically related to the products of proto...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008995
更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:During the period from September 8 to October 2, 1970, 44 of the 120 children and 78 of 141 adults questioned at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital experienced gastroenteritis characterized by nausea, vomiting, and fever and/or chills. Diarrhea was rare in children (4.5%) and common in adults (74%)....
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112154
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
