Abstract:
:The possibility that hepatitis B is transmitted venereally was examined by determining the prevalence of hepatitis B antibody (anti-HB(S)) in populations with different levels of promiscuity. Of 258 prostitutes, 31% were anti-HB(S) positive, compared to 10% of 258 female age-matched blood donors, 10% of 48 nuns living in a convent and 15% of 94 nuns working as teachers. Prevalence of anti-HB(S) increased with increasing age. In the age group 40-49 years up to 72% of prostitutes were anti-HB(S) positive, whereas anti-HB(S) was found in only 23% of blood donors. The correlation of length of the registration period as a prostitute and frequency of venereal diseases to prevalence of anti-HB(S) supported the hypothesis that the agent of hepatitis B was transmitted sexually. This correlation was absent for echovirus type 12 and adenovirus type 10 antibody.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Frösner GG,Buchholz HM,Gerth HJdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112153subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-09-01 00:00:00pages
241-50issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The relation between passive smoking and lung cancer was examined by means of a case-control study in a cohort of 27,409 nonsmoking Swedish women identified from questionnaires mailed in 1961 and 1963. A total of 77 cases of primary carcinoma of the bronchus or lung were found in a follow-up of the cohort through 1980...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114504
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controlling for body size and composition, the authors examined the association between estrogen therapy and bone mineral density in older African-American and Caucasian women. In 1992-1998, 443 African-American and 989 Caucasian women aged 45-87 years were assessed for medication use, laboratory variables, behavioral...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp460
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the growing number of epidemiologic publications on the relation between dietary factors and cancer risk, pooled analyses that summarize results from multiple studies are becoming more common. Here, the authors describe the methods being used to summarize data on diet-cancer associations within the ongoing Poolin...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj127
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This commentary reviews the recent history of explanations to crossover paradoxes such as the birth weight and gestational age paradoxes, with a special emphasis on the current proposal by Kramer et al. in this issue of the Journal (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(3):361-367). We contend that the causal structure of these pa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt283
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::After diagnosis with prostate cancer, Black men in the United States have poorer survival than White men, even after controlling for differences in cancer stage. The extent to which these racial survival differences are due to biologic versus non-biologic factors is unclear, and it has been hypothesized that differenc...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010221
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the relationship of per capita coffee imports and consumption, total dietary fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, tobacco, cigarettes, and national income for 1957-1965 to age-adjusted pancreatic cancer death rates of men and women from 22 countries in 1971-1974. With simple correlation analysis, coffe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113674
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1976-1978, a battery of eight neuropsychologic tests were administered to 2,123 participants in the Framingham Study who were aged 55-89 years. Performance on each test was examined in relation to concurrently measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure while controlling for age, sex, education, antihypertensive...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114749
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of social status and behavior type to the incidence of coronary heart disease was examined among husbands and wives in the Framingham Heart Study. Between 1965 and 1967, 269 spouse pairs, in which the husbands were 45-64 years of age, were administered an extensive psychosocial questionnaire. These pa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113611
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable efforts have been made to identify the genetic basis of human longevity, with only limited progress. One important drawback of current genetic studies is the limited knowledge of gene-environment interaction. Using 2 cohorts of long-lived individuals born in 1905 and 1915 in Denmark, we performed survival...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa007
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecologic study design is routinely used by epidemiologists in spite of its limitations. It is presently unknown how well the challenges of the design are dealt with in epidemiologic research. The purpose of this bibliometric review was to critically evaluate the characteristics, statistical methods, and reporting ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr241
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::In the spring of 1986, the authors studied the relation between body mass index and anthropometric indicators of fat distribution to cardiovascular risk factors (serum lipids and blood pressure) in approximately 450 women aged 38 years randomly selected from population registers in five European centers. Waist circumf...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115322
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because the magnitude of tracking coefficients (i.e., stability coefficients and tracking for subjects at risk) greatly depends on the initial age of subjects, the number and spacing of longitudinal measurements, and the length of the total time period, it is difficult to compare tracking coefficients from different s...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009048
更新日期:1997-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associat...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt258
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative contribution of menopause to the age-related increase in serum total cholesterol concentration in women is not exactly known. Cross-sectional studies suggest a considerable contribution of menopause, whereas in short-term longitudinal studies, only a small increase was observed around menopause. In a 10-y...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116686
更新日期:1993-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline have shown that their cholesterol levels are much less predictive of subsequent mortality than in populations free of CHD (FCHD). One previously suggested explanation of this attenuation is that the impact of hyperlipidemia on atherosclerosis or ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112852
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female breast cancer patients who had participated in a case-control study conducted during 1973-1975 were followed up, using record linkage to the Statistics Canada mortality data base, to the end of 1980. A number of variables recorded for the case-control study, in particular body weight and daily intake of dietary...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114305
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevalent biologic specimens can be used to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using a two-stage immunologic testing algorithm that hinges on the average time, T, between testing HIV-positive on highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays and testing HIV-positive on less sensitive enzyme immunoassays. Comm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj344
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal angiogenic factors (placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), and soluble endoglin) may be associated with fetal growth restriction, and the associations may differ according to stage of pregnancy. Among children born to pregnant women without preeclampsia in Norway between 1992 and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq373
更新日期:2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have focused on the impact of weight maintenance on cardiovascular disease risk factors or addressed whether changes differ by baseline weight status and medication usage. The authors examined these issues using 9 years of follow-up data on 3,235 men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk072
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Anal cancer has been hypothesized to be associated with a sexually transmitted agent and, more recently, with the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors used a descriptive incidence study to evaluate these hypotheses based on US data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) prog...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117073
更新日期:1994-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of Warthin's tumor, a benign parotid gland tumor, is unknown. Recent evidence suggests a possible relation with cigarette smoking as well as increasing incidence. We reviewed the medical record of subjects with a major salivary gland tumor newly diagnosed in Jefferson County, Alabama, from 1968 to 1989, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008906
更新日期:1996-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::In 1970-1979, the incidence of human leptospirosis in Israel was 0.7 per 100,000 population. The majority of the cases (62%) occurred in northeastern Israel (Upper Galilee). Prior to 1973 the main infecting serotypes were grippotyphosa (41%) and Hebdomadis szwajizak (31%). Following the first outbreak of Hebdomadis ha...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113312
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, the focus of research on cardiovascular risk factors has broadened because of new data demonstrating benefits of low risk (i.e., favorable) levels of all major modifiable risk factors. Most data on low risk relate to coronary heart disease, not stroke. This population-based, 12-sample, Italian study (Progett...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj110
更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinating school-aged children against influenza can reduce age-specific and population-level illness attack rates. Using a stochastic simulation model of influenza transmission, the authors assessed strategies for vaccinating children in the United States, varying the vaccine type, coverage level, and reproductive ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp237
更新日期:2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Experimentally, high-carbohydrate diets have been shown to elevate triglycerides, but it has not been established whether this rise is permanent or transient. The authors approached this question by studying 719 boys from worldwide populations with marked differences in long-term carbohydrate intake. Fasting serum tri...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115497
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Senile macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual loss in the United States, England, and probably many other industrialized countries. The clinical manifestations of this disease include: drusen, atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal neovascu...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113624
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic and environmental factors are both known to contribute to susceptibility to complex diseases. Therefore, the study of gene-environment interaction (G×E) has been a focus of research for several years. In this article, select examples of G×E from the literature are described to highlight different approaches an...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx230
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron, potassium, zinc, and other minerals might impact the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) through multiple mechanisms, but few studies have evaluated these relations. We conducted a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001). Participants were free from PMS at base...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws363
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine whether a less favorable risk factor pattern for cardiovascular disease among persons with impaired glucose tolerance could be explained by fasting insulin, obesity, and/or a central distribution of body fat. Between 1984 and 1988, cardiovascular risk factors were examined ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116575
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors abstracted a sample of 7,536 hospital medical records to validate the accuracy of the coding of obstetric information on 1) birth certificates, 2) a statewide computerized hospital discharge abstract data system, and 3) a linked file merging birth certificates and the hospital abstract data for Washington ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116834
更新日期:1993-07-15 00:00:00