解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Genetic immunization is an attractive approach to generate antibodies because native proteins are expressed in vivo with normal posttranscriptional modifications, avoiding time-consuming and costly antigen isolation or synthesis. Hydrodynamic tail or limb vein delivery of naked plasmid DNA expression vectors was used ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/000112088
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid identification of viruses is needed to monitor the blood supply for emerging threats. Here we present a method that meets these criteria and allows for the shotgun sequencing of novel, uncultured DNA viruses directly from human blood. This method employs selection based on the physical properties of viruses comb...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/000112019
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing consensus on the potential use of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice, and hopes have been expressed for application to the improvement of global health. However, two major challenges may lead to widening the "biotechnological gap" between the developing and the industrial world;first the unaffordab...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complete brain fixation can be achieved with transthoracic cardiac infusion without thoracotomy. Light and electron microscopy tissue sections reveal preservation of cytoplasmic and nuclear structure at all magnification levels. Punched samples were obtained from the fixed tissue specimens in precisely localized areas...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/000112003
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an enormous initiative to establish the genetic basis for disorders of brain function. Unfortunately, genetic intervention is not accomplished easily in the nervous system. One strategy is to engineer and deliver to neurons specialized viral vectors that carry a gene (or genes) of interest, thereby exploiting...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2144/05393PS01
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a robust method for studying en masse changes in translation using cDNA arrays. The relative distribution of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) along polysome gradients was monitored by performing cDNA array analysis of each gradient fraction and quantifying the mRNA translational status by regression analysis. Using th...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/05391ST01
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reporter assays that use luciferase are widely employed for monitoring cellular events associated with gene expression. In general, firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase are used for monitoring single gene expression. However, the expression of more than one gene cannot be monitored simultaneously by this system b...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/05386ST03
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::New technologies are needed that can diagnose cancer more rapidly and accurately. These technologies must also have the ability to identify the particular cellular abnormalities contributing to the malignancy, thus directing the appropriate treatments. Such technologies should permit absolute quantitation of specific ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/05386su01
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have designed and implemented a system to manage whole genome shotgun sequences and whole genome sequence assembly data flow. The Sequence Assembly Manager (SAM) consists primarily of a MySQL relational database and Perl applications designed to easily manipulate and coordinate the analysis of sequence information ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/05385ST01
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we developed a method that allows cDNA library construction from a small amount of RNA without causing serious size bias in the resulting cDNA population. For this purpose, we adopted two-round cRNA amplification by T7 and SP6 RNA polymerases. The first-round cDNAs, flanked by the promoter sequences of ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/05383RR01
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role model systems have played in understanding telomere biology has been enormous, and understanding has rapidly transferred to human telomere research. Most work using model organisms to study telomerase and nontelomerase-based telomere-maintenance systems has centered on yeasts, ciliates, and insects. But it is...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2144/05382RV01
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::SOP3 is a web-based software tool for designing oligonucleotide primers for use in the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Accessible via the Internet, the application is optimized for developing the PCR and sequencing primers that are necessary for Pyrosequencing. The application accepts as input gene...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/05381RR01
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-throughput genotyping technologies such as DNA pooling and DNA microarrays mean that whole-genome screens are now practical for complex disease gene discovery using association studies. Because it is currently impractical to use all available markers, a subset is typically selected on the basis of required satura...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04376BIN03
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a novel assay format for the Gal4-based yeast two-hybrid-system, in which the readout from three different reporter genes is measured sequentially in a single microplate. Activation of the URA3, MEL1, and lacZ reporters in response to a protein-protein interaction is monitored by measuring sequentially: (i...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04375PT02
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome walking in mammalian DNA by vectorette PCR is not always very specific, and the walks have been limited to distances <1 kb. To improve the method, we have designed new vectorettes, which unlike the currently used ones have very little repetitive sequences or homology with known DNA sequences of various orig...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04374DD03
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-stranded long oligonucleotide-based (50- to 70-mer) microarrays offer several advantages over conventional cDNA microarrays. These include the easy preparation of the probes, low cost of array production, and low cross-contamination during probe handling. However, the application of oligonucleotide microarrays ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04374ST02
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA interference (RNAi) is a recent advance that provides the possibility to reduce the expression of specific target genes in cultured mammalian cells with potential applications on a genome-wide scale. However, to achieve this, robust methodologies that allow automated and efficient delivery of small interfering RNA...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04373RT01
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work from this laboratory has shown that immunoporation has the potential for the selective transfection of a range of different animal cells based on their immunological identity. The unique ability of immunoporation to target cells for transfection combined with the high efficiency of transfection and the h...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04372RR05
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequencing of the human genome in combination with computational annotation has provided tremendous data on predicted genes. However, for most of them, no corresponding cDNAs are available yet. Furthermore, even where cDNA clones were obtained, gene transcripts often have many different splice variants that are not co...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04371DD02
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bionanotechnology is an emerging field in nanotechnology. In general, it uses concepts from chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology to identify components and processes for the construction of self-assembling materials and devices. Distant goals of the science of bionanotechnology range from developing programm...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2144/04366RV01
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several DNA extraction methods have been reported for use with digesta or fecal samples, but problems are often encountered in terms of relatively low DNA yields and/or recovering DNA free of inhibitory substances. Here we report a modified method to extract PCR-quality microbial community DNA from these types of samp...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04365ST04
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have compared the quantification of mRNA by DNA microarray to the results obtained by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In this study, mRNA was collected from the healing femoral fracture callus of adult and juvenile rats at various times after fracture. Ten samples were measured by both methods for 26 g...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04364ST02
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silencing of mammalian gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi) technology can be achieved using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). However, the relative effectiveness of these two approaches is not known. It is also not clear whether gene-specific shRNA transcribed from an RNA polymerase II...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04363RR01
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we describe an amplification method for global transcript analysis. The strategy relies on amplification of cDNA tags (signature tags) achieved by random fragmentation of the cDNAs to short tags of similar length, isolation of the 3' ends and then PCR amplification of the 3'-end signature tag population. This met...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04362ST02
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is a sensitive and accurate method to monitor gene expression and is often used to profile the expression of putative tumor antigens in the context of immunotherapy. However, this technique consists of several steps, including cell processing, RNA extraction, RNA storage, a...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/04361ST04
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pipeline has been created for the characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants by generating flanking sequence tags (FSTs) and optimized for economic, high-throughput production. The GABI-Kat collection of T-DNA mutagenized A. thaliana plants was used as a source of independent transgenic lines. The pipeline inc...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03356st01
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) express Mdr1a/1b and Bcrp1/Abcg2, which are members of the ATP binding cassette transporter family. Mice lacking both Mdr1-type genes (Mdr1a and Mdr1b) or Bcrp1 had normal hematopoietic development, but it has been unclear whether Mdr1a/1b and Bcrp1 play redundant roles in hematopoiesis...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03356ss04
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotics are widely useful in medicine, agriculture, and industrial fermentations. However, increasing problems with resistant strains call for restrained use and alternative strategies. Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) show potent bactericidal effects when targeted against the essential Escherichia coli acpP...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To move microarray technology into the diagnostic realm, the impact of technical parameters, such as sample preparation and RNA extraction, needs to be understood and minimized. We evaluated the impact of two RNA extraction methods, DNase treatment and the amount of hybridized cDNA probe, on the outcome of microarray ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type:
doi:10.2144/03355st04
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this special section of BioTechniques, we examine the role of rapid molecular technologies in the detection and identification of agents of infectious disease (ID) and biological weapons (BWs). Besides the threat posed by the global proliferation of BW technologies, there are numerous emerging and reemerging ID age...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2144/03354ss01
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonimmune phagemid recombinant antibody fragment (rFab) library was generated with a nominal diversity of 1.16 x 10(7) using the QuikChange Multi Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit. Two degenerate primers spanning the third complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops of the antibody fragment light and heavy chain were...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type:
doi:10.2144/03354st05
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) is a well-characterized and widely used technique for the analysis of proten-DNA interaction and the analysis of transcription factor combinatorics. Currently implemented EMSA generally involves the time-consuming use of radiolabeled DNA and polyacrylamide gel electrophor...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03353rr01
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiolabeling of native proteins conventionally has required iodination using 125Iodine (125I). Although radioiodination can result in high specific activity, there are several drawbacks in the use of 125I (e.g., radiological hazards and short half-life). 14C-Methylamine-glutaraldehyde conjugation to proteins offers a...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03352pt02
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome variation provides researchers with thousands of markers with which to study human demographic history and phenotypes. Insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphism is an important and abundant form of human genome variation, and convenient methods for genotyping indels are therefore needed. Here we evaluate dynamic ...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03352st01
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virus uptake is the first rate-limiting step for the successful gene delivery of any virus-based gene therapy. For adenovirus-based gene therapy, the expression levels of the adenovirus receptor--coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)--play an important role in dictating gene delivery. We have observed a wide sp...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03351dd02
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification of nucleotides used for RNA chain initiation or for contacting DNA binding proteins is basic to our understanding of gene regulation. Normally, a radioactive primer is used to copy RNA or DNA. The polymerase extension stops at free ends of mRNA (as in promoter mapping) or at the position of template cle...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03351rr01
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have conducted a systematic evaluation of the calculated molecular properties of compounds in clinical development and have found that the development process selects for compounds that have certain computed physical properties. In particular, as the stage of development progresses, compounds that are advanced have...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stable cell transfection is used for the expression of exogenous genes or cDNAs in eukaryotic cells. Selection of these transfectants requires a dominant selectable marker. A variety of such markers has been identified and is currently in use. However, many of these are not suitable for all cell types or require uniqu...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03346st05
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic and electrical coupling through gap junction channels is implicated in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and electrotonic propagation of signals in excitable tissues. The characterization of gating properties of these channels requires electrophysiological recordings at both single- and multiple-chan...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03345rr03
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a sensitive fluorescence assay for the quantitation of proteins in solution using the NanoOrange reagent, a merocyanine dye that produces a large increase in fluorescence quantum yield upon interaction with detergent-coated proteins. The NanoOrange assay allowed for the detection of 10 ng/mL to 10 microgr...
journal_title:BioTechniques
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2144/03344pt03
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00