解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Mitochondrial disorders are frequently associated with seizures. In this review, the authors discuss the seizure patterns and distinguishing features of mitochondrial epilepsy, alongside the indications for investigating, and how to investigate epilepsy from a mitochondrial perspective. Finally, they discuss managemen...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1552624
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical guidelines for the determination of brain death in children were first published in 1987. These guidelines were revised in 2011 under the auspices of the Society of Critical Care Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Child Neurology Society, and provide the minimum standards that must be satis...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1547540
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite decades of basic and clinical research, treatments to improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited. However, based on the recent recognition of the prevalence of mild TBI, and its potential link to neurodegenerative disease, many new and exciting secondary injury mechanisms have been identif...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1544237
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upper limb recovery after a stroke is suboptimal. Only a few individuals achieve full functional use of the hemiparetic arm. Complex primary and secondary impairments may affect recovery of upper limb function in stroke survivors. In addition, multiple personal, social, behavioral, economic, and environmental factors ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396002
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe spastic tone and/or spastic hypertonia can be the most disabling consequences of a neurologic insult, resulting from an excess of muscle tone. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, is one of the most widely used drugs in treating abnormal or disabling spastic tone. However, the effectiveness of baclofen taken orally is o...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396012
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimmunologic and systemic rheumatic diseases are frequently accompanied by inflammation of the eye, ocular adnexa, and orbital tissues. An understanding of the diverse forms of ophthalmic pathology in these conditions aids the clinician in making appropriate preventative, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic de...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1390393
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial diseases are multiorgan system disorders and the brain is the most commonly affected organ. The high-energy requirement of the brain leaves it vulnerable to energy failure. All components of the neuraxis including muscle, the neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and brain can be affecte...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1386770
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation of fibrillar α-synuclein protein is the pathological hallmark occurring in both multiple system atrophy (MSA) and diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD). The oligodendrocytes are especially involved in MSA, while subtypes of neurons are the targets in DLBD. In both instances, the changes are widespread with...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1381732
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vast majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reside in resource-limited settings. As compared with resource-rich settings, there are important differences in the epidemiology and outcomes of HIV infection in resource-limited settings. Nonetheless, little HIV neurology research o...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1372344
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arteriovenous malformations of the brain can carry considerable morbidity and mortality in the setting of rupture. The complex angioarchitecture and hemodynamic alteration requires careful consideration in diagnostic and management approaches. In this review, the authors define the pathophysiology, outline diagnostic ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1364212
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic evolution of genetic methodologies that can be used to identify genes contributing to disease. Initially, the focus was primarily on classical linkage analysis; more recently, genomewide association studies, and high-throughput whole genome and whole exome sequencing hav...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1359313
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke in the distribution of the posterior circulation may present as acute onset spontaneous vertigo and imbalance. Although vertigo due to posterior circulation stroke is usually associated with other neurologic symptoms or signs, small infarcts in the cerebellum or brainstem can present with vertigo without other ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354600
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of gait and balance are common in medicine and often lead to referral for neurologic evaluation. Because the maintenance of balance and normal gait are mediated by complex neurologic pathways as well as musculoskeletal, metabolic, and behavioral considerations, the list of possible contributing causes is ver...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354601
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natalizumab is a monoclonal therapeutic antibody that inhibits migration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking integrins. Several clinical trials have shown an excellent efficacy in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. This efficacy is also underlined by postmarketing dat...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1343793
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcineurin inhibitor encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare condition occurring in patients who are undergoing treatment with drugs from the calcineurin inhibitor (CI) family of immunosuppressants, either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TAC, FK506). Generally acute in onset, the symptoms are commonly reversible if properly...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1334471
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of patients with cranial neuropathies requires an understanding of brainstem anatomy and nerve pathways. Advances in neuroimaging, particularly high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have enabled visualization of these tiny structures and their related pathology. This review provides an a...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331807
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer therapy can cause several neurotoxic syndromes that are associated with distinct findings on cranial imaging. With the use of more aggressive and combined treatment modalities in oncology and prolonged overall patient survival, neurotoxicity has been reported with increasing frequency in patients with brain can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331817
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The muscular dystrophies are disorders of progressive muscular degeneration and weakness. As a group they display clinical heterogeneity that reflects the heterogeneity of molecular mechanisms responsible for them, and range from congenital to adulthood onset. Recent advances in the field include improved methods of d...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1329199
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelopathy refers to a spinal cord disorder that presents with motor and/or sensory deficits. Infectious agents that cause myelopathy do so by either direct infection of neural structures (e.g., polio), a parainfectious mechanism (with a presumed autoimmune pathogenesis), or as a result of involvement of structures ad...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1322588
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of neurologic disease and ichthyosis defines a heterogeneous group of rare inherited disorders that present in infancy through early adulthood. Although affected patients share the cutaneous feature of ichthyosis, there is variability in the nature and severity of neurologic disease. Impaired cognition...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1306390
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to sharing several clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics, many neurodegenerative disorders show extensive familial histories suggesting a substantial contribution of genetic factors to disease causation and progression. In this review, the authors provide overviews of the status of current ge...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1299791
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Headaches are a common complaint for most women during their lifetime, including gestation and puerperium. Tension-type headaches and migraine flare-ups are the most common headache complications after delivery, but the differential diagnosis of postpartum headache is broad. The clinician must distinguish common heada...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1293537
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines have undoubtedly been a medical milestone, preventing immeasurable morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. Modern vaccines have tremendously reduced the global impact of numerous infections; they have succeeded in eliminating smallpox completely. However, the nature by which vaccines confe...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287655
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune encephalopathy represents a complex category of disease with diverse immunologic associations, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic outcomes. Three main subgroups include autoimmune encephalopathies without cancer but with neural nonspecific serologic evidence of autoimmunity (encompassing "Hashimoto's ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1277985
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive complaints are common in any adult neurology practice, and may present in a variety of ways other than classic "memory loss." In this article, the author reviews a simple approach to a symptom-based differential diagnosis, including recognition of impairment in several key cognitive domains as well as associ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1271314
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telemedicine is the use of electronic communication methods, such as the telephone, the Internet, and videoconferencing, to exchange medical information from one geographic site to another. Telestroke is the use of telemedicine specifically for stroke care. A strokologist is a physician with the special skills require...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1268869
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnosis of inherited neuropathies can be challenging in several ways. First, a hereditary neuropathy must be suspected. Although some family histories are clear with multiple members affected, other families require directed inquiry. Second, even when a hereditary neuropathy is clear, it can be difficult to make...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1267281
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptomeningeal metastasis occurs in ~5% of all patients with cancer and is the third most common metastatic complication of the central nervous system. Staging of leptomeningeal metastasis includes contrast-enhanced brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow study. Treat...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1255220
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Headache is one of the more common reasons for adults to visit an emergency department. Most of these visits are for primary headache disorders, most commonly migraine headache. The authors discuss management options for patients presenting to the emergency department with prolonged, severe, or refractory migraine hea...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1249228
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both general neurologists and neurologists with a broad spectrum of subspecialty interests are often asked to evaluate patients with disorders of the spinal cord. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in our understanding of a wide spectrum of immune-mediated, infectious, metabolic, hereditary, pa...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1244993
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 500,000 Americans, and it is commonly on the differential diagnosis associated with patient referrals to neurology offices. Diagnostically, there are several nuances to the established criteria. Understanding the usefulness of various tests and the potential diagnoses that can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245004
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance are likely the most common presenting complaints among patients 75 years and older in office practices. Although the cause of falls among the aging population is multifactorial, several studies have implicated senescence of the vestibular periphery. It is imperative that clinicians co...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241039
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic insomnia afflicts millions of people in the United States. It is associated with decreased quality of life, accidents, several comorbid conditions, increased morbidity, and substantial direct and indirect costs. Chronic insomnia is a multifactorial and individualized disorder. Its etiology may be cognitive or ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237125
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fields of neurology and psychiatry were originally practiced as a unitary model. As the fields dichotomized patients into "organic" and "functional," patients with medically unexplained symptoms fell between the borderlands. Despite their significant prevalence, somatoform disorders (SDs) are grossly under-recogni...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1223875
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optic nerve is our most important cranial nerve. As it courses from the eyeball to the brain, it is divided into four segments: intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular, and intracranial. Four tests are primarily used to assess its functional integrity and detect optic nerve disorders. These tests are described...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1124020
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of severe brain injury requires a comprehensive approach in which imaging is an indispensable complement to the clinical and physiological information acquired at the bedside. Neuroimaging methods are routinely used in the diagnosis and prognosis of a broad spectrum of patients with acute neurological d...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1105977
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most prolific chemical and anatomical imaging techniques of recent decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), includes the ability to noninvasively assess neurochemical changes with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Practical concerns are paramount in applying MRS, such as what the manufacturer provide...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1083685
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nontraumatic spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage occurs most commonly into the subarachnoid space and brain parenchyma, in contrast to subdural and epidural hematomas that are usually traumatic. The differential diagnosis of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage includes intracranial aneurysm rupture and vascular malfo...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1083691
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are many unique characteristics in elderly patients with epilepsy. The incidence of seizure in this age group is the highest of any age group and continues to increase as people live longer. Etiology of seizures is different than for adults and includes cerebrovascular disease, dementia, closed head injury, and ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1079338
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is caused by mutations in several genes expressed in myelinating Schwann cells and the axons they ensheathe. Typical patients present with distally accentuated motor weakness, muscle wasting, and sensory loss leading to significant and progressive clinical morbidity and impaired quali...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1062264
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00