解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The development of medical countermeasures against the acute gastrointestinal subsyndrome of the acute radiation syndrome in humans requires well characterized and validated animal models. These models must adhere to the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Animal Rule and consider the natural history a...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31826525f0
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::With possibilities for radiation terrorism and intensified concerns about nuclear accidents since the recent Fukushima Daiichi event, the potential exposure of large numbers of individuals to radiation that could lead to acute clinical effects has become a major concern. For the medical community to cope with such an ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182588d92
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to their high stability and accumulation over time, translocations are currently the cytogenetic marker of choice for radiation dose estimation following protracted radiation overexposures or overexposures that occurred up to several decades in the past (environmental/occupational/medical exposures). In the course...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824645fb
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For emergency preparedness and response with respect to nuclear power plant accidents, the concept of Emergency Care Centers has been developed in Germany. This setup aims at monitoring contamination, to decontaminate if needed, assess the dose, and perform an initial medical evaluation of people who might have been a...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824765c3
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoke from a wildfire in northern New Mexico that moved along the border of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was monitored for ²³⁹Pu in the event that the fire might cross into LANL property containing locations with low, but greater than background, levels of ²³⁹Pu and other alpha-emitting radionuclides. Thr...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318259f286
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the aim of developing genetic tests for elevated and reduced radiation sensitivity, the authors studied the correlations between various genotypes and frequencies of spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Cytogenetic analysis and genotyping (19 sites of detoxification and D...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182231a9d
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 30 y, the numbers and types of fluoroscopically-guided (FG) procedures have increased dramatically. The objective of the present study is to provide estimated radiation doses to physician specialists, other than cardiologists, who perform FG procedures. The authors searched Medline to identify English-lang...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dae76
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three statistical control chart methods were investigated to determine the one with the highest detection probability and the best average run length (ARL). The three control charts include the Shewhart control chart of count data, cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis of count data (Poisson CUSUM), and CUSUM analysis of ti...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182430106
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing audience knowledge is often set as a primary objective of risk communication efforts. But is it worthwhile focusing risk communication strategies solely on enhancing specific knowledge? The main research questions tackled in this paper were: (1) if prior audience knowledge related to specific radiation risk...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31823fb5a5
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emergency responders from the Department of Energy are trained regularly to assess the environmental consequences of a radiological or nuclear incident. While drills and exercises are highly effective tools in rehearsing for an emergency, the accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants presented real-world...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824c5ae4
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::²²²Rn (radon) and ²²⁰Rn (thoron) progeny are known to interfere with determining the presence of long-lived transuranic radionuclides, such as plutonium and americium, and require from several hours up to several days for conclusive results. Methods are proposed that should expedite the analysis of air samples for det...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824641a8
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight of the most severe cases of acute radiation disease (ARS) known to have occurred in humans (as the result of criticality accidents) had survival times less than 120 h (herein defined as "early death"). These accidents were analyzed and are discussed with respect to the specific accident scenarios and the resulti...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31823b4b78
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In June 2006, the Radiation Studies Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a workshop to explore rapid methods of facilitating radiological triage of large numbers of potentially contaminated individuals following detonation of a radiological dispersal device. Two options were discussed. The fir...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/hp.0b013e3182351660
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It seems obvious that if a significant increase in occupancy occurs in the immediate vicinity of any radiation room a reexamination of the adequacy of the shielding should be performed. We discuss a facility where a new building was constructed in close proximity to an existing medical linear accelerator and no consid...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31823c969b
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of high background radiation (HBR) on mortality. A cohort of 31,604 men and women aged 30-74 y living in the study area in Guangdong Province, China, was followed during the period 1979-1998. The information on deaths and migrations of cohort members was collected by vis...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31822c7f1e
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ISO standard 4037 specifies that for calibrating protection level dosimeters, scattered radiation should contribute less than 5% of the exposure. In previous work, the authors reported the results of an MCNP analysis of the shadow shield technique that was performed for a calibration range with a Cs irradiator. This p...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182259a98
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A complete, historical dataset is presented of radionuclide resuspension-factors. These data span six orders of magnitude in time (ranging from 0.1 to 73,000 d), encompass more than 300 individual values, and combine observations from events on three continents. These data were then used to derive improved, empirical ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821ddb07
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation is a known, well-documented, and reasonably well-quantified human cancer risk factor based on a remarkably consistent body of dose-response information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations supported by experimental studies using animal and cellular models. This fact is largely ascriba...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type:
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318227e822
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Federal agencies have a variety of roles and responsibilities related to communicating with the public before, during, and after a radiological emergency. To better understand the various efforts currently underway, the Radiation Studies Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a roundtable of...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31822552d7
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uranium industry in the American Southwest has had profoundly negative impacts on American Indian communities. Navajo workers experienced significant health problems, including lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases, and psychosocial problems, such as depression and anxiety. There were four uranium proc...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182243a7a
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of the dose rate distributions from radioactive sources, together with the specific detector locations with respect to those sources, in many cases presents a significant analytical challenge. With the exception of a few, simple source-detector geometries, it is not possible to find an analytical expres...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182295943
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation exposure of the biota in the shoreline area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Pond was assessed to evaluate radiological consequences from the decommissioning of the Cooling Pond. This paper addresses studies of radioactive contamination of the terrestrial faunal complex and radionuclide concentra...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182242e02
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the attacks of 11 September 2001, emergency preparedness within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as well as at the Department of Defense and other federal agencies, received higher visibility, new mandates and increased funding. Emergency deployment teams increased the frequency of drills to...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182135fba
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transportable (e.g., "giraffe") air samplers can be used for both short-term "grab-sampling" situations involving a few minutes to several hours, as well as for long-term retrospective air sampling situations that typically last a week. It is the short-term coverage situation which begs the question: "how long a sampl...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318204aa78
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spot urine samples are often taken for emergency radiobioassay to provide a quick dose assessment for contaminated individuals. The subsequent dosimetric analysis requires a urinary output normalization method to adjust spot sampling to daily urine excretion. A rapid specific gravity method that was developed for 24-h...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318213be69
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a radiation emergency, evacuated, sheltered or other members of the public would require monitoring for external and/or internal contamination and, if indicated, decontamination. In addition, the potentially-impacted population would be identified for biodosimetry/bioassay or needed medical treatment (chelat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821dd9a2
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Releases of radioactive materials from the Mayak Production Association in 1949-1956 resulted in contamination of the Techa River; a nuclide of major interest was 90Sr, which downstream residents consumed with water from the river and with milk contaminated by cows' consumption of river water and contaminated pasture....
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318206d0ff
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1952 and 1992, more than 200 large radiobiology studies were conducted in research institutes throughout Europe, North America, and Japan to determine the effects of external irradiation and internal emitters on the lifespan and tissue toxicity development in animals. At Argonne National Laboratory, 22 externa...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181febad3
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past computer solutions for confidence intervals in paired counting are extended to the case where the ratio of the sample count time to the blank count time is taken to be an integer, IRR. Previously, confidence intervals have been named Neyman-Pearson confidence intervals; more correctly they should have been named ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31820448c4
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical simulations and benchmark measurements were performed to assess the impact that normal variations in human calcium content have on in vivo K x-ray fluorescence measurements of lead in bone. Four sets of cortical bone tissue simulants were fabricated containing from 20.8% to 23.8% calcium (by weight) for m...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f725af
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multifaceted radiochemical testing procedure has been developed to analyze a large number of liquid samples and measure a wide range of radionuclides in a short period of time. This method involves a single, unique and fast sample preparation procedure and allows sequential/concurrent determination of analytes with ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181edb854
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents the WNA's worldwide nuclear industry overview on the anticipated growth of the front-end nuclear fuel cycle from uranium mining to conversion and enrichment, and on the related key health, safety, and environmental (HSE) issues and challenges. It also puts an emphasis on uranium mining in new produ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f5abcc
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global concerns over energy supply and climate change have given rise to an increase in uranium prospecting, mining and extraction. The changing world economy is spreading the use of advanced nuclear and radiation-related technologies to many parts of the world, giving rise to global initiatives on nuclear energy and ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f56d14
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three models for the biodistribution and dosimetry of 82Rb-chloride were reviewed and a proposal is made for the best dosimetry for this agent to be adopted. Data from three proposed biokinetic models for 82Rb-chloride were used to calculate dose estimates for the compound, and the results were compared. The blood con...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181e47b33
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two motivations for studying radiation risk are (1) to quantify the magnitude of risk as an aid to setting radiation protection standards and (2) to understand causality as an aid to assigning compensation for radiation exposed individuals whose disease or death may have been related to radiation exposure. Although it...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181db29fd
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation dose calculations in nuclear medicine depend on quantification of activity via planar and/or tomographic imaging methods. However, both methods have inherent limitations, and the accuracy of activity estimates varies with object size, background levels, and other variables. The goal of this study was to eval...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181e28cdb
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of workers internally contaminated with Am have been followed for about 12 years. The source of contamination was AmO2 powder used for production of AmBe neutron sources and other applications. The production of some radionuclide sources included chemical treatment of the original material, which transformed t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181d18e2e
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of 226Ra-activated markings was specific for military equipment some decades ago and the extent of possible internal exposure of former military personnel due to ingestion of 226Ra is an issue of discussion. Whole- or partial-body counts are not sensitive enough to trace an overexposure due to a possible 226Ra...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181d18d2e
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to assess the lung cancer risk induced by exposures to radon progeny of people living in some areas of Transylvania, Romania. Indoor radon concentrations were measured in 667 dwellings of Stei area, Cluj, Bistrita-Nasaud, Sibiu, and Alba counties. Measurements were performed usin...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181c03cde
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depleted uranium (DU) is an alpha particle emitter and radioactive heavy metal used in military applications. Due to internalization of DU during military operations and the ensuing chronic internal exposure to DU, there are concerns regarding its potential health effects. Preconceptional paternal irradiation has been...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181cfe0dd
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00