abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who require urgent initiation of dialysis but without having a permanent dialysis access have traditionally commenced haemodialysis (HD) using a central venous catheter (CVC). However, several studies have reported that urgent initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Htay H,Johnson DW,Craig JC,Teixeira-Pinto A,Hawley CM,Cho Y

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Bell's palsy is an acute unilateral facial paralysis of unknown aetiology and should only be used as a diagnosis in the absence of any other pathology. As the proposed pathophysiology is swelling and entrapment of the nerve, some surgeons suggest surgical decompression of the nerve as a possible management o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Menchetti I,McAllister K,Walker D,Donnan PT

更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients treated with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) have a high risk of developing respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been estimated to affect 5% to 40% of patients treated with mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours. The attributable ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Minozzi S,Pifferi S,Brazzi L,Pecoraro V,Montrucchio G,D'Amico R

更新日期：2021-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a highly prevalent condition in an ever-increasing elderly population. Although insidious in the early stages, advanced AMD (neovascular and atrophic forms) can cause significant visual disability and economic burden on health systems worldwide. The most common form,...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Yeong JL,Loveman E,Colquitt JL,Royle P,Waugh N,Lois N

更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Simulation-based obstetric team training focuses on building a system that will anticipate errors, improve patient outcomes and the performance of clinical care teams. Simulation-based obstetric team training has been proposed as a tool to improve the overall outcome of obstetric health care. OBJECTIVES:To ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Fransen AF,van de Ven J,Banga FR,Mol BWJ,Oei SG

更新日期：2020-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Systemic androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), also referred to as hormone therapy,àhas long been the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Additional agents have been reserved for the castrate-resistant disease stage when ADT start becoming less effective. Abiraterone is an agent with an establi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sathianathen NJ,Oestreich MC,Brown SJ,Gupta S,Konety BR,Dahm P,Kunath F

更新日期：2020-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that overweight and obese breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cancer recurrence and have higher all-cause mortality. Obesity has an impact on breast cancer survivor's quality of life (QOL) and increases the risk of longer-term morbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and card...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Shaikh H,Bradhurst P,Ma LX,Tan SYC,Egger SJ,Vardy JL

更新日期：2020-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to prevent or treat a PDA. There are concerns regarding adverse effects of NSAIDs in preterm infants. Controversy exists on whether early targeted t...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Mitra S,Scrivens A,von Kursell AM,Disher T

更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence from disease epidemics shows that healthcare workers are at risk of developing short- and long-term mental health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned about the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental well-being of health and social care professionals. Symp...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pollock A,Campbell P,Cheyne J,Cowie J,Davis B,McCallum J,McGill K,Elders A,Hagen S,McClurg D,Torrens C,Maxwell M

更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as reduced function of the kidneys present for 3 months or longer with adverse implications for health and survival. For several decades low protein diets have been proposed for participants with CKD with the aim of slowing the progression to end-stage kidney disease (...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hahn D,Hodson EM,Fouque D

更新日期：2020-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Medications used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significantly improved patient outcomes and delayed time to surgery. However, some of these therapies are recognized to increase the general risk of infection and have an unclear impact on postoperative infection risk. OBJECTIVES:To assess the ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Law CC,Bell C,Koh D,Bao Y,Jairath V,Narula N

更新日期：2020-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Electromechanical- and robot-assisted gait-training devices are used in rehabilitation and might help to improve walking after stroke. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2007 and previously updated in 2017. OBJECTIVES:Primary • To determine whether electromechanical- and robot-assiste...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Mehrholz J,Thomas S,Kugler J,Pohl M,Elsner B

更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In a previous Cochrane Review, we found that for women with metastatic breast cancer unselected for triple-negative disease, there is little or no survival benefit and excess toxicity from platinum-based regimens. In subgroup analyses, however, we found preliminary low-quality evidence of a survival benefit ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Egger SJ,Chan MMK,Luo Q,Wilcken N

更新日期：2020-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse effect of anaesthesia and surgery. Up to 80% of patients may be affected. These outcomes are a major cause of patient dissatisfaction and may lead to prolonged hospital stay and higher costs of care along with more severe complications. Many antiem...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Weibel S,Rücker G,Eberhart LH,Pace NL,Hartl HM,Jordan OL,Mayer D,Riemer M,Schaefer MS,Raj D,Backhaus I,Helf A,Schlesinger T,Kienbaum P,Kranke P

更新日期：2020-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intermittent claudication (IC) is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pentoxifylline, one of many drugs used to treat IC, acts by decreasing blood viscosity, improving erythrocyte flexibility, and promoting microcirculatory flow and tissue oxyge...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Broderick C,Forster R,Abdel-Hadi M,Salhiyyah K

更新日期：2020-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review last updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effecti...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： East CE,Dorward ED,Whale RE,Liu J

更新日期：2020-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used to manage hypertension which is highly prevalent among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The treatment for hypertension is particularly challenging in people undergoing dialysis. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benefits and harms of calcium channel blockers in patie...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Mugendi GA,Mutua FM,Natale P,Esterhuizen TM,Strippoli GF

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Engorgement is the overfilling of breasts with milk, often occurring in the early days postpartum. It results in swollen, hard, painful breasts and may lead to premature cessation of breastfeeding, decreased milk production, cracked nipples and mastitis. Various treatments have been studied but little consis...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zakarija-Grkovic I,Stewart F

更新日期：2020-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm infants are born with low glycogen stores and require higher glucose intake to match fetal accretion rates. In spite of the myriad benefits of breast milk for preterm infants, it may not adequately meet the needs of these rapidly growing infants. Supplementing human milk with carbohydrates may help. ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Amissah EA,Brown J,Harding JE

更新日期：2020-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:People with cystic fibrosis are at an increased risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, including vitamin E. Vitamin E deficiency can cause a host of conditions such as haemolytic anaemia, cerebellar ataxia and cognitive difficulties. Vitamin E supplementation is widely recommended for people with cystic fib...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Okebukola PO,Kansra S,Barrett J

更新日期：2020-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the absence of treatment, endometrial hyperplasia (EH) can progress to endometrial cancer, particularly in the presence of histologic nuclear atypia. The development of EH results from exposure of the endometrium to oestrogen unopposed by progesterone. Oral progestogens have been used as treatment for EH ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Mittermeier T,Farrant C,Wise MR

更新日期：2020-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Migrants who have been forced to leave their home, such as refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDP), are likely to experience stressors which may lead to mental health problems. The efficacy of interventions for mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment may differ in this pop...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Uphoff E,Robertson L,Cabieses B,Villalón FJ,Purgato M,Churchill R,Barbui C

更新日期：2020-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:On the American continent, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL and MCL) are diseases associated with infection by several species of Leishmania parasites. Pentavalent antimonials remain the first-choice treatment. There are alternative interventions, but reviewing their effectiveness and safety is ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Pinart M,Rueda JR,Romero GA,Pinzón-Flórez CE,Osorio-Arango K,Silveira Maia-Elkhoury AN,Reveiz L,Elias VM,Tweed JA

更新日期：2020-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and progressive disease characterised by chronic cough, airflow limitation and recurrent exacerbations. Since COPD exacerbations are linked to rising mortality and reduced quality of life, the condition poses a substantial burden on individuals, societ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kikuchi S,Imai H,Tani Y,Tajiri T,Watanabe N

更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasmodium vivax liver stages (hypnozoites) may cause relapses, prolonging morbidity, and impeding malaria control and elimination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends three schedules for primaquine: 0.25 mg/kg/day (standard), or 0.5 mg/kg/day (high standard) for 14 days, or 0.75 mg/kg once weekly...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Milligan R,Daher A,Villanueva G,Bergman H,Graves PM

更新日期：2020-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global priority. Contact tracing identifies people who were recently in contact with an infected individual, in order to isolate them and reduce further transmission. Digital technology could be implemented to augm...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Anglemyer A,Moore TH,Parker L,Chambers T,Grady A,Chiu K,Parry M,Wilczynska M,Flemyng E,Bero L

更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rates of injury and death caused by car crashes with teenage drivers remain high in most high-income countries. In addition to injury and death, car use includes other non-traffic risks; these may be health-related, such as physical inactivity or respiratory disease caused by air pollution, or have global si...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ward A,Lewis SR,Weiss H

更新日期：2020-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:About half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery within 10 years of diagnosis. Resection of the affected segment is highly effective, however the majority of patients experience clinical recurrence after surgery. Most of these patients have asymptomatic endoscopic recurrence weeks or months b...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Candia R,Bravo-Soto GA,Monrroy H,Hernandez C,Nguyen GC

更新日期：2020-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. It occurs when there is a build-up of bile acids in the maternal blood. It has been linked to adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes. As the pathophysiology is poorly understood, therapies have been largely e...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Walker KF,Chappell LC,Hague WM,Middleton P,Thornton JG

更新日期：2020-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:People undergoing major amputation of the lower limb are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Risk factors for VTE in amputees include advanced age, sedentary lifestyle, longstanding arterial disease and an identifiable hypercoagulable condition. Evidence suggests that pharmacological prophylax...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Herlihy DR,Thomas M,Tran QH,Puttaswamy V

更新日期：2020-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The burden of poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) worldwide is substantial, disproportionately affecting those living in low- and middle-income countries. Targeted client communication (TCC) delivered via mobile devices (MD) (TCCMD) may improve the health behaviours and service use important for sexual...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Palmer MJ,Henschke N,Villanueva G,Maayan N,Bergman H,Glenton C,Lewin S,Fønhus MS,Tamrat T,Mehl GL,Free C

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Resilience can be defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during or after periods of stressor exposure, which may result from a potentially traumatising event, challenging life circumstances, a critical life transition phase, or physical illness. Healthcare professionals, such as nurses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kunzler AM,Helmreich I,Chmitorz A,König J,Binder H,Wessa M,Lieb K

更新日期：2020-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Plague is a severe disease associated with high mortality. Late diagnosis leads to advance stage of the disease with worse outcomes and higher risk of spread of the disease. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) could help in establishing a prompt diagnosis of plague. This would improve patient care and help appropr...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jullien S,Dissanayake HA,Chaplin M

更新日期：2020-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperkalaemia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by reduced renal potassium excretion in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Potassium binders, such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate and calcium polystyrene sulfonate, are widely used but may lead to constipation and other adverse gastrointesti...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Natale P,Palmer SC,Ruospo M,Saglimbene VM,Strippoli GF

更新日期：2020-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Around 1 in 1000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old display problematic or harmful sexual behaviour (HSB). Examples include behaviours occurring more frequently than would be considered developmentally appropriate; accompanied by coercion; involving children of different ages or stages of development; or as...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sneddon H,Gojkovic Grimshaw D,Livingstone N,Macdonald G

更新日期：2020-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Demodex blepharitis is a chronic condition commonly associated with recalcitrant dry eye symptoms though many people with Demodex mites are asymptomatic. The primary cause of this condition in humans is two types of Demodex mites: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. There are varying reports of the prev...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Savla K,Le JT,Pucker AD

更新日期：2020-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Malabsorption and deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins K may occur in cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs. Vitamin K is known to play an important role in both blood coagulation and bone formation, hence the role of supplementation of vitamin K in this category needs to be reviewed. T...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Jagannath VA,Thaker V,Chang AB,Price AI

更新日期：2020-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The ideal proportion of energy from fat in our food and its relation to body weight is not clear. In order to prevent overweight and obesity in the general population, we need to understand the relationship between the proportion of energy from fat and resulting weight and body fatness in the general populat...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hooper L,Abdelhamid AS,Jimoh OF,Bunn D,Skeaff CM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic chronic haemolytic and pro-inflammatory disorder. With increased catabolism and deficits in energy and nutrient intake, individuals with SCD suffer multiple macro- and micro-nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin D deficiency. This is an update of a previous review...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Soe HHK,Abas AB,Than NN,Ni H,Singh J,Said ARBM,Osunkwo I

更新日期：2020-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) delivers nicotine without the toxic chemicals present in tobacco smoke. It is an effective smoking cessation aid in non-pregnant smokers, but there is less evidence of effectiveness in pregnancy. Systematic review evidence suggests that pregnant women do not adhere to NRT a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Campbell K,Coleman-Haynes T,Bowker K,Cooper SE,Connelly S,Coleman T

更新日期：2020-05-22 00:00:00