Abstract：
:Recent studies have elucidated unanticipated connections between the immune and skeletal systems, and this relationship has led to the development of a new field known as osteoimmunology. The goal of research in this field is to: (1) further understand how the bone microenvironment influences immune cell ontogeny and subsequent effector functions, and (2) translate basic science findings in bone biology to clinical applications for autoimmune diseases that target the skeleton such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we will examine the recent findings of the interplay between the immune and skeletal systems. This discussion will focus on the cells and signaling pathways in osteoimmune interactions and how innate and adaptive immune effector cells as well as cytokines and chemokines play a role in the maintenance and dysregulation of skeletal-immune homeostasis. We will also discuss how immunomodulatory biologic drugs, which specifically target these cells and effector molecules, have transformed the treatment of autoimmune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
journal_name
Immunol Resjournal_title
Immunologic researchauthors
Mensah KA,Li J,Schwarz EMdoi
10.1007/s12026-009-8093-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
100-13issue
2-3eissn
0257-277Xissn
1559-0755journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Our laboratory has studied the role of CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) in the primate immune response to allogenic and infectious challenges. We find that intensive early blockade of CD40L reliably attenuates acute rejection of primate cardiac allografts. Monotherapy fails to prevent late graft loss, which often occurs in ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/IR:23:2-3:253
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A complex interplay between pathogen and host determines the immune response during viral infection. A set of cytosolic sensors are expressed by immune cells to detect viral infection. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) comprise a large family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors. Members of the NLR family assemble i...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8873-z
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies by our group, using an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) model in Strain 13 inbred guinea pigs, resulted in T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity; however, autoantibodies proved not to be cytotoxic to thyroid epithelial cells in the presence or absence of complement proteins. Albeit, T cell...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-011-8215-0
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems resulting in diverse symptoms and outcomes. It is characterized by antibody production to a variety of self-antigens, but it is specifically associated with those against anti-dsDNA. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are present before...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-012-8345-z
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD6 is a cell surface receptor expressed on the majority of T cells and a subset of B cells. When expressed, CD6 contributes to lymphocyte activation through its extracellular domain 1, while adhesion and cellular migration are related to the extracellular scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain (SRCR-D)-3 of CD6. Ito...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-013-8423-x
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type I diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by pancreatic β-cell destruction induced by autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. After significant reduction of the β-cell mass, diabetes sets in and can cause significant complications. It is estimated that more than 3 million Americans have T1D, and it...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-014-8546-8
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily highly conserved polypeptides synthesized by many cells to preserve cellular functions under a variety of stressful conditions including infections. We have investigated the involvement of 65-kDa HSP (HSP65) in host protection against an intracellular protozoan parasite, T...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02918253
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is not unusual for antigens and potentially responsive T cells to co-exist in the same organism while these T cells remain silent and do not mount life-threatening immune responses. A rich array of mechanisms has been proposed to explain these observations. T cell silencing is controlled in multiple levels. Initial...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:33:2:135
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of gamma/delta T cells in immunity to bacterial infection and control of inflammation is discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of murine models in which various aspects of immune function can be monitored in the absence of gamma/delta T cells. Issues discussed include the response to and control of...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/ir:29:1-3:293
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primate complement receptor type 1 (CR1) protein, a single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein, plays an important role in immune adherence and clearing complement-opsonized immune complexes. Here, the mRNA of the porcine primate-like complement receptor (CR1-like) gene was analyzed, and two domain sequences with potenti...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8792-z
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased numbers of CD8+CD28neg. T cells have been detected in the peripheral blood of patients with several types of malignancies. However, the role of these cells in anticancer immunity are not yet clear and CD8+CD28neg. T cells are a controversially discussed subpopulation reported both as immunosuppressive and cy...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-017-8976-1
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (.NO) is a freely diffusible inter- and intracellular messenger produced by a variety of mammalian cells including vascular endothelium, neurons, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, and pulmonary epithelium. In smooth muscle cells, platelets, and neutrophils, .NO raises intracellular...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:26:1-3:107
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our laboratory has studied the molecular basis of T helper cell differentiation. We have used reporter transgenic mice, selective hybridization techniques, and studies of cell signaling to show that a complex pattern of gene expression is reprogrammed as the decision is made to become either a Th1 or Th2 cell. Many of...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02786484
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7-like cytokine expressed mainly by epithelial cells. Current studies provide compelling evidence that TSLP is capable of activating dendritic cells to promote T helper (Th) 2 immune responses. TSLP has also been shown to directly promote Th2 differentiation of naï...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-012-8264-z
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe herein a 61-year-old woman who presented with fever, night sweats and cough. The diagnosis of pneumonia was established, but with symptom recurrence following antibiotic therapy, further diagnostics were performed. Biopsy via bronchoscopy revealed cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and later on follow-up, a...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-014-8571-7
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) are the sentinels of the immune system, linking innate with adaptive responses. The functional responses of DC are subject to complex regulation and serve as targets for pathogens. Ca2+-mediated signal transduction pathways serve a central regulatory role in DC responses to diverse antigens, inclu...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-007-0076-1
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With several different CAR T cell therapies under advanced phases of clinical trials, and the first FDA-approved CAR treatments in 2017 (Yescarta and Kymriah), CAR T cell therapy has become one of the most promising therapies for the treatment of certain types of cancer. This success has bred an opportunity to optimiz...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-020-09119-7
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriasis is a common chronic T-cell-mediated autoimmune skin disease, and traditional immunotherapies for psoriasis have focused on the direct inhibition of T cells, which often causes toxicity and lacks long-term effectiveness. Safe and effective therapeutic strategies are strongly needed for psoriasis. In this stud...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-014-8521-4
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes has led to a puzzling observation: mice deficient in lymphocytes are more resistant during the early innate immune response. This is counterintuitive, because mice deficient in the adaptive immune response are unable to clear the infection and eventually die. This work wil...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-007-0017-z
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD23, also known as the low affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII), belongs to a novel superfamily of type-II integral membrane proteins. Fc epsilon RII expression was originally described on B cells but subsequent studies showed that CD23 is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cells and is regulated by severa...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02919132
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In all eukaryotes, the cell shape depends on the actin filament cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the small GTPase RhoA. It is well known that the cell shape determines cell function and behavior. Inversely, any change in the cell behavior and/or function reverberates at the cell shape. In this review, we describe h...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-019-9066-3
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:C3d is the final degradation product of the third component of complement (C3). When conjugated to an antigen, C3d enhances immune responses to the fused antigen. Therefore, this molecule has been used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune responses to various foreign and self-proteins. C3d binds to the complement rece...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:36:1:197
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play key roles in regulating autoimmunity and immunity balance. LncRNA TMEVPG1, which is encoded by a gene located near the Ifn gene, contributes to interferon gamma expression. We investigated the expression of TMEVPG1 in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) to determine its role in the pa...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8715-4
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Limited protective effects of commercially available vaccines necessitate the development of novel pneumococcal vaccines. We recently reported a pneumococcal systemic vaccine containing two proteins, Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA of family 1 and 2) and a bacterium-like particle-based pneumococcal mucosal vaccin...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-019-09107-6
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The key role of T cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination and the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to induce antiviral T cell responses suggest that DC vaccines could be a promising approach in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The aim of our study was to evaluate, whether immunotherapy with DCs is safe and...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-017-8967-2
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD8+ T cells are critically important for immune defense against many viral and bacterial pathogens, and are also key components of cancer immunotherapy. Help from CD4+ T cells is usually essential for optimal CD8+ T cell responses, driving the primary response, the survival of memory cells, and the generation of prot...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-009-8102-0
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distinction that in areas where helminthic infections are common, autoimmune diseases are less prevalent, led to the investigation of immune modulatory properties of helminths and their derivatives. Such are phosphorylcholine (PC) moieties which are a component of secreted products of helminths. PC has been broadl...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-018-9051-2
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, a defense mechanism endowed to vertebrates during evolution. However, an autoimmune pathogenic role of memory lymphocytes is also emerging with accumulating evidence, despite reasonable skepticism on their existence in a chronic setting of autoimmune damage. It ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-013-8448-1
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) or membrane-translocating peptides such as penetratin from Antennapedia homeodomain or TAT from human immunodeficiency virus are useful vectors for the delivery of protein antigens or their cytotoxic (Tc) or helper (Th) T cell epitopes to antigen-presenting cells. Mice immunized with CP...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8799-5
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is considered to be of the severe psychiatric disorders characterized by chronic debilitating course marked with frequent relapses and high clinical and financial burden. Aberrations of thyroid hormone levels have been documented in several psychiatric conditions including bipolar disease. The aim of thi...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-018-9030-7
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
