Abstract:
:A complex interplay between pathogen and host determines the immune response during viral infection. A set of cytosolic sensors are expressed by immune cells to detect viral infection. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) comprise a large family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors. Members of the NLR family assemble into large multiprotein complexes, termed inflammasomes, which induce downstream immune responses to specific pathogens, environmental stimuli, and host cell damage. Inflammasomes are composed of cytoplasmic sensor molecules such as NLRP3 or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), the adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain), and the effector protein procaspase-1. The inflammasome operates as a platform for caspase-1 activation, resulting in caspase-1-dependent proteolytic maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. This, in turn, activates the expression of other immune genes and facilitates lymphocyte recruitment to the site of primary infection, thereby controlling invading pathogens. Moreover, inflammasomes counter viral replication and remove infected immune cells through an inflammatory cell death, program termed as pyroptosis. As a countermeasure, viral pathogens have evolved virulence factors to antagonise inflammasome pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in sensing viral infection as well as the evasion strategies that viruses have developed to evade inflammasome-dependent immune responses. This information summarises our understanding of host defence mechanisms against viruses and highlights research areas that can provide new approaches to interfere in the pathogenesis of viral diseases.
journal_name
Immunol Resjournal_title
Immunologic researchauthors
Shrivastava G,León-Juárez M,García-Cordero J,Meza-Sánchez DE,Cedillo-Barrón Ldoi
10.1007/s12026-016-8873-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
1101-1117issue
5-6eissn
0257-277Xissn
1559-0755pii
10.1007/s12026-016-8873-zjournal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Studies on the biologic and molecular genetic underpinnings of multiple myeloma (MM) have identified the pleiotropic, pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a factor crucial to the growth, proliferation and survival of myeloma cells. IL-6 is also a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis and a sculptor of...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8528-x
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complement system is well represented in the central nervous system. Glial cells and neurons produce or express all of the activation and regulatory proteins and the C3a/C5a receptors. Inhibition of complement activation is protective in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the animal model for multiple sclero...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:26:1-3:007
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies showed that interleukin (IL)-28B gene polymorphisms were associated with hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and treatment outcomes. We tested whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28A and IL-28B are associated with HCV infection among Egyptians with HCV genotype 4 infections. We enrolled...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-018-9035-2
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-HMGCR antibodies represent a characteristic serological feature of statin-exposed and statin-unexposed patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). We assessed anti-HMGCR antibodies in patients with suspected IMNM following statin exposure and patients with other autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We ev...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8867-x
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The participation of inflammatory cells in atherosclerosis is a well-known process that involves numerous molecules including chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) for their entry into the vessel wall. Although the C-C chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and its receptor, CCR2, have been implicated in atheroscle...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/ir:21:2-3:129
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research on hematological malignancies has shown that malignant cells often co-opt physiological pathways to promote their growth and development. Bone marrow homeostasis requires a fine balance between cellular differentiation and self-renewal; cell survival and apoptosis; and cellular proliferation and senesc...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-010-8187-5
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system that can lyse target cells without prior sensitization and have an important role in host defense to pathogens and transformed cells. A balance between negative and positive signals transmitted via germ line-encoded inhibitory and activating rece...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8493-4
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 15 years, the estimated prevalence of autoimmune diseases increased from about 4 to 9.4%. Autoimmune co-morbidity (i.e., the association between two or more autoimmune diseases in the same patient) is present in 0.4-0.5% of the worldwide population, more frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis, rheu...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-013-8418-7
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various multisubunit receptors of the immune system share similarities in structure and induce closely related signal transduction pathways upon ligand binding. Examples include the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), and the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI). Al...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02918171
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently established new bone marrow transplantation (BMT) methods for the treatment of intractable diseases. The methods include the perfusion method (PM) for the collection of bone marrow cells, and intra-bone marrow (IBM)-BMT for the direct injection of collected whole bone marrow cells into the bone marrow...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-007-0004-4
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human mayor histocompatibility complex class I molecule HLA-A2 preferentially binds peptides that contain Leu at P2 and Val or Leu at the C terminus. The other amino acids in the peptide also contribute to binding positively or negatively. It is possible to estimate the binding stability of HLA-A2 complexes contai...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02918496
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research during the last decade has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the interface between the nervous system and the immune system. Insight into bidirectional neuro-immune communication has characterized the nervous system as an important partner of the immune system in the regu...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-015-8718-1
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules function to present antigenic peptides to CD4 T lymphocytes. The pathways by which these molecules present exogenous antigens have been extensively studied. However by contrast, far less is known about the processing and trafficking of cytosolic antigens, which can als...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:30:3:279
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of the mouse eye results in an impressive inflammatory response culminating in the death of the animal or the establishment of a "latent" infection depending on a number of ill-defined variables that include components of the innate and adaptive immune system. The application of t...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1385/IR:30:2:191
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and localized PAN, including cutaneous arteritis (CA), remains unknown; however, initial endothelial damage has been implicated. The intima of the vasculitis lesions is predominantly infiltrated by innate-like bystander-activated CD8 T cells, in addition to the macrophages. M...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-020-09140-w
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary immunodeficiencies (PI) are genetic defects of the immune system that result in chronic, serious, and often life-threatening infections, if not diagnosed and treated. Many patients with PI are undiagnosed, underdiagnosed, or misdiagnosed. In fact, recent studies have shown that PI may be more common than previ...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-018-8996-5
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol addition to B lymphocytes in vitro inhibits antigen-induced antibody secretion and antigen-induced cell proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol can inhibit the effect of interleukins on B-cell proliferation by adding ethanol to in vitro functional assays for IL-2 and IL-4. Ethanol does not inhibit...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02918616
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation and maintenance of B lymphocytes is controlled by biochemical signals transmitted by the B cell antigen receptor(BCR) complex. These signals are transduced by multiple cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) including Lyn, Syk, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Upon BCR engagement, these PTKs acti...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:23:2-3:147
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::C3d is the final degradation product of the third component of complement (C3). When conjugated to an antigen, C3d enhances immune responses to the fused antigen. Therefore, this molecule has been used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune responses to various foreign and self-proteins. C3d binds to the complement rece...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:36:1:197
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The attributes of specificity and memory enable CD8(+) T cells to provide long-lasting protection against a variety of challenges. Although, the importance of CD8(+) T cells for protection against intracellular infections and transformation is well-established, the functional type; effector phenotypes (Tc1, Tc2, Tc17 ...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-009-8130-9
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a T cell-mediated immune response to cutaneous sensitization and subsequent challenge with haptens such as dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone. Many aspects concerning the development and regulation of CHS remain unknown. Using CHS as a model of T cell-mediated immune responses to anti...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:24:1:69
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has developed into a most successful form of immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies in the past 50 years. However, its effectiveness and wider applications have been greatly limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a potentially lethal side effec...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-010-8193-7
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neonate has an increased susceptibility to infection, in part owing to an inability to produce antibody to thymus-independent antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides (PS). This poor response to PS antigens is likely owing to multiple factors. Neonatal B cells are of an immature phenotype, as evidenced by cell-s...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:31:1:25
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During thymocyte development bone marrow-derived precursors in the thymus undergo a series of differentiation steps to produce self-tolerant, mature T lymphocytes. The thymus contains two functionally distinct anatomical compartments, consisting of a centrally located medulla surrounded by the thymic cortex. These com...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12026-012-8301-y
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We retrospectively analyzed the transplantation outcomes of 31 patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases treated at our center (All Children's Hospital, University of South Florida) since its inception in 1986. The primary immune diseases included severe combined immunodeficiency, Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, X-lin...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-009-8111-z
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune system and are involved in the host defense against invading pathogens such as viruses. Recently, it was reported that HIV-1-neutrophil interaction triggers neutrophil activation and promotes expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here, we assessed the role of...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8876-9
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gamma-herpesvirus that establishes life-long latency and is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and the development of several malignancies. EBV infection is frequently, but not always, associated with the development of a syndrome termed infectious mononucleosi...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:25:3:201
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of our work is to understand, from the molecular to the organismal level, the principles that drive and sustain lifelong infection by viruses. These infectious agents live in a dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) with their hosts in which both immune and nonimmune pathways contribute to viral homeostasis. Disru...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1385/IR:21:2-3:219
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are able to provide protections to the host against repeated insults from intracellular pathogens. However, it has not been completely understood how the effector functions of memory CTLs are induced upon antigen challenge, which is directly related to the efficacy of their protec...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12026-017-8920-4
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases are growth factor receptors that are overexpressed or mutated in a large variety of human cancers. Studies of erbB-mediated signal transduction will lead to an understanding of the role played by this family of receptors in normal and transformed cells. In this article, we ...
journal_title:Immunologic research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02786443
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00