Abstract：
:Protease-activated receptors (PARs) belong to a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by serine proteases via proteolytic cleavage. PARs are expressed on epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and leukocytes, indicating a role in controlling barrier function against external danger. During inflammation, microorganisms as well as host immune cells release various proteases activating PARs. Thus, PARs can be viewed as an integral component of the host antimicrobial alarm system. When stimulated, PARs regulate various functions of leukocytes in vivo and in vitro, revealing a novel pathway by which proteases affect innate immune responses. Understanding protease-immune interactions could lead to novel strategies for the treatment of infectious and immune-related diseases.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Shpacovitch V,Feld M,Bunnett NW,Steinhoff Mdoi
10.1016/j.it.2007.09.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-12-01 00:00:00pages
541-50issue
12eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(07)00234-7journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Evolutionarily, how RAG endonucleases in vertebrate immune systems could shed dangerous transposon-like propensities, and instead, support the organized assembly of antigen receptor variable domains, has been unclear. Recent structural work by Schatz and colleagues (Nature, 2019) identifies features of the RAG endonuc...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.06.007
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK)-cell receptors (NKRs) on CD8+ T cells can modulate antigen-specific T-cell activity but their function and rules that govern their expression remain unclear. Recent work has provided new insight into CD94-NKG2A expression on T cells. Whereas upregulation on the cell surface is induced following T-c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00064-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the years, the role of the eosinophil in asthma and allergic processes has been disputed. Recent human experiments using a humanised monoclonal antibody to interleukin-5 (IL-5), and animal studies involving specific IL-5 gene deletion, indicates that eosinophils might control downstream repair and remodelling pro...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.07.006
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During an immune response, peripheral T-cell populations expand and then contract as the response subsides, thus maintaining a fairly constant number of CD4 and CD8 T cells throughout the life of the individual. The important factors that control this homeostasis are now beginning to be understood. Interleukin-7 (IL-7...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.01.004
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In lymphatic tissue, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs), mature after sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and subsequently activate T cell immunity. Non-pathogenic MAMPs, derived for example from commensal bacteria, are ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2010.06.001
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunology in recent years has taken a somewhat surprising turn, expressed by a renewed interest in innate immunity. Especially intriguing is the regulatory role exerted by the innate components on the adaptive response, with Toll receptors and complement components being the most investigated. This function has been ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00118-2
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult neurogenesis plays an important role in brain function and declines with aging. A recent report demonstrates clonal T cell expansion within neurogenic niches of the aged brain, impairing neurogenesis through IFNγ signaling (Dulken et al.,Nature, 2019). These results highlight T cells as important contributors to...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.07.007
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic, progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism(s) underlying their progressive nature remains unknown but a timely and well-controlled inflammatory reaction is essential for the i...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beyond their role in neutralization, antibodies mediate functions such as phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Two modifications to the constant domain control antibody activity: theirreversible genomic selection of isotype/subclass and alterations in glycosylation. Because glycosylation ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.02.004
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation is usually considered as harmful; however, it is also necessary for tissue recovery after injury. Macrophages exert immune and nonimmune functions throughout this process. During skeletal muscle regeneration, they mount an inflammatory response while exerting trophic roles on muscle and mesenchymal stem c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.04.006
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have indicated that complement proteins might exert novel functions that are distinct from their well-established inflammatory role, by modulating cellular responses and cell-cell interactions that are crucial to early development and cell differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that complement ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02287-1
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are primordial pathogen-recognition proteins that function as sentinels for the innate immune system. One of the TLR mysteries relates to TLR11, a receptor present in mice, but not humans, and known to recognize uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The first defined ligand for TLR11 has now been ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.08.006
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro-generated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) initially attracted interest for their ability to undergo differentiation toward cells of different lineages. More recently, a major breakthrough was the discovery that MSCs exert a profound inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, M...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2007.03.001
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the understanding of medullary thymic epithelial cell biology, and especially of their promiscuous gene expression, have highlighted the indispensable role of thymic medulla in shaping a self-tolerant T-cell repertoire. Additionally, our recent results have shown that cortical thymic epithelial cell...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.03.003
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects, vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune system to handle other pathogens. For instance, in randomized trials tuberculosis and measles vaccines are associated with a substantial re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Harmless microbes colonizing the gut require the establishment of a well-equilibrated symbiosis between this microbiota and its host. However, the immune system is primed to recognize both conserved microbial patterns and foreign antigens, and therefore developed strong tolerance mechanisms to prevent potential fatal ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.05.002
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic immunological research has greatly expanded our understanding of the suspected immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and, more importantly, spawned a new generation of clinical trials evaluating dozens of immune-based therapies. Adhesion molecules are the furthest into development, although patient acceptan...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.09.012
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How innate immunity gave rise to adaptive immunity in vertebrates remains unknown. We propose an evolutionary scenario beginning with pathogen-associated molecular pattern(s) (PAMPs) being presented by molecule(s) on one cell to specific receptor(s) on other cells, much like MHC molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inducing sustained, robust CD8(+) T cell responses is necessary for therapeutic intervention in chronic infectious diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, most adjuvant formulations fail to induce substantial cellular immunity in humans. Attenuated acute infectious agents induce strong CD8(+) T cell immunity, and are thou...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.01.001
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoreceptors are believed to initiate their signaling by association with membrane rafts rich in src-family kinases and other signaling molecules. Although a recent paper casts doubt over this concept, by exposing drawbacks of a commonly used procedure to disturb rafts by cholesterol extraction, several other recen...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02330-x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Senescent cells, albeit not proliferating, are metabolically and transcriptionally active, thereby capable of affecting their microenvironment, notably via the production of inflammatory mediators. These mediators maintain and propagate the senescence process to neighboring cells, and then recruit immune cells for cle...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.02.009
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are brain macrophages that emerge from early erythro-myeloid precursors in the embryonic yolk sac and migrate to the brain mesenchyme before the blood brain barrier is formed. They seed the brain, and proliferate until they have formed a grid-like distribution in the central nervous system that is maintained...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.08.005
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells are known to scale their clonal expansion and effector cytokine response according to the dose and strength of antigenic signal so as to balance their role of affecting protection with the intertwined and immunologically driven tissue damage. How T cells achieve this is now beginning to be understood. We under...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.06.005
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The full potential of T cell-based immunotherapies remains limited by a variety of T cell extrinsic and intrinsic immunosuppressive mechanisms that can become imprinted to stably reduce the antitumor ability of T cells. Here, we discuss recent insights into memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and exhaustion and the ass...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.06.008
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The entry of exogenous antigen into the MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation pathway can contribute to CD8(+) T cell tolerance and immunity, in particular to peripheral self-antigens or selected viruses and bacteria showing restricted tissue tropism. Dendritic cells are the key cross-presenting cells and, as such...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.12.008
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many diseases have an inflammatory component, where neutrophil interactions with the vascular endothelium lead to barrier dysfunction and increased permeability. Neutrophils increase permeability through secreted products such as the chemokines CXCL1, 2, 3, and 8, through adhesion-dependent processes involving beta(2)...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2009.07.012
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a group of cellular pathways that deliver cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation. The peptides generated from these pathways can be presented by MHC II molecules, making autophagy an important source of antigens for CD4+ T cells. In addition, modules of the molecular machinery of autophagy wer...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.08.017
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyloid formation contributes to the development of progressive metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, while also serving functional roles in host defense. Emerging evidence suggests that as amyloidogenic peptides populate distinct aggregation states, they interact with different combinations of pattern recognition...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.06.005
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are in widespread use for the treatment of cancer. Their success as cancer therapeutics relies substantially on their ability to engage the immune system. Specifically, Fc-receptor-expressing immune cells mediate the killing of tumor cells by mAbs. Stimulation of these immune effector cell...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2011.07.003
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulated secretion of cellular proteins is central to the correct function of many cell types, including immune cells. Lymphocyte control of the storage, transport and exocytosis of immunomodulatory molecules is a highly specialised task triggered by T cell receptor engagement. The regulated secretory pathway in ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2007.08.008
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
