Abstract：
:T cells are known to scale their clonal expansion and effector cytokine response according to the dose and strength of antigenic signal so as to balance their role of affecting protection with the intertwined and immunologically driven tissue damage. How T cells achieve this is now beginning to be understood. We underscore temporal integration of digital T cell receptor (TCR) signaling as the basis for achieving scaled response by means of accumulating crucial mediators over time. We also discuss the role of temporally integrated crosstalk between TCR and IL2 signaling in mediating a scaled, coherent, collective response by T cells. Finally, we highlight numerous known and putative regulatory interactions in the transcriptional program that are expected to quantitatively scale the T cell response, and also offer new mechanisms to hitherto unexplained observations.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Mayya V,Dustin MLdoi
10.1016/j.it.2016.06.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
513-522issue
8eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(16)30060-6journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:During an immune response, peripheral T-cell populations expand and then contract as the response subsides, thus maintaining a fairly constant number of CD4 and CD8 T cells throughout the life of the individual. The important factors that control this homeostasis are now beginning to be understood. Interleukin-7 (IL-7...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.01.004
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoires aims to comprehend Ig diversity with the goal of predicting humoral immune responses in the context of infection, vaccination, autoimmunity, and malignancies. The first next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of bulk B cell populations dramatically advanced sampling depth ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.05.003
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, natural killer (NK) and other innate cells can recognize endogenous ligands that often act as markers of stress or damage. A recent study reports that one of these receptors, human NKp44, recognizes PDGF-DD, providing a rare example of the recognition of a solub...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.02.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a group of cellular pathways that deliver cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation. The peptides generated from these pathways can be presented by MHC II molecules, making autophagy an important source of antigens for CD4+ T cells. In addition, modules of the molecular machinery of autophagy wer...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.08.017
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the understanding of medullary thymic epithelial cell biology, and especially of their promiscuous gene expression, have highlighted the indispensable role of thymic medulla in shaping a self-tolerant T-cell repertoire. Additionally, our recent results have shown that cortical thymic epithelial cell...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.03.003
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite extensive, recent research on the development of dendritic cells (DCs), their origin is a controversial issue in immunology, with important implications regarding their use in cancer immunotherapy. Although, under defined experimental conditions, DCs can be generated from myeloid or lymphoid precursors, the di...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02059-2
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.12.003
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At two checkpoints, T cell development is controlled by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, which determines survival and lineage commitment. At the first of these checkpoints, signaling by the pre-TCR, the gammadeltaTCR or the alphabetaTCR has a major but nonexclusive impact on whether cells will become CD4-CD8- gammade...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2007.01.004
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In lymphatic tissue, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs), mature after sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and subsequently activate T cell immunity. Non-pathogenic MAMPs, derived for example from commensal bacteria, are ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2010.06.001
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circadian system ensures the generation and maintenance of self-sustained ~24-h rhythms in physiology that are linked to internal and environmental changes. In mammals, daily variations in light intensity and other cues are integrated by a hypothalamic master clock that conveys circadian information to peripheral ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.08.007
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK)-cell receptors (NKRs) on CD8+ T cells can modulate antigen-specific T-cell activity but their function and rules that govern their expression remain unclear. Recent work has provided new insight into CD94-NKG2A expression on T cells. Whereas upregulation on the cell surface is induced following T-c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00064-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are primordial pathogen-recognition proteins that function as sentinels for the innate immune system. One of the TLR mysteries relates to TLR11, a receptor present in mice, but not humans, and known to recognize uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The first defined ligand for TLR11 has now been ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.08.006
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma cells operate as factories where large quantities of Ig heavy and light chains are made and assembled into functional antibodies. The finished products are shipped out with impressive efficiency. A major component of the machinery necessary for high-rate antibody secretion is an elaborate network of endoplasmic...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2003.11.004
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. Together with B cell lymphoma (Bcl)10 and the paracaspase, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (Malt)1,...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.02.006
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antigen cross-presentation describes the process through which dendritic cells (DCs) acquire exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC class I molecules. The ability to cross-present has been thought of as a feature of specialized DC subsets. Emerging data, however, suggest that the cross-presenting ability of each D...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.02.007
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD45, the leucocyte common antigen, is a haemopoietic cell-specific tyrosine phosphatase. Many isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, but their function remains obscure. The extracellular domain of CD45 is highly polymorphic in all vertebrates. Importantly, human polymorphic variants that alter CD45 isoform e...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of the Toll-like family of receptors pre-dates the evolutionary split between the plant and animal kingdoms. These receptors are remarkably conserved across the taxonomic kingdoms and have fundamental roles in triggering immune responses. How they trigger such responses, and how these mechanisms arose in ev...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)00014-5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NLRP6, a member of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) innate immune receptor family, regulates inflammation and host defense against microorganisms. Similar to other NLRs, NLRP6 not only participates in inflammasome formation, but is also involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitog...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.01.001
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In clinical practice, a successful patient-physician partnership can improve the outcome of treatment, especially in cases of chronic disease or cancer. To establish this partnership, physicians must explain treatment options and potential outcomes, but how to best do this when treatment is based on scientific princip...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.04.005
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beyond their role in neutralization, antibodies mediate functions such as phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Two modifications to the constant domain control antibody activity: theirreversible genomic selection of isotype/subclass and alterations in glycosylation. Because glycosylation ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.02.004
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the 'success story' of vertebrate evolution, the acquisition and refinement of the adaptive immune system is far from the least impressive example of co-evolution. Members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) have crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immun...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00166-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the years, the role of the eosinophil in asthma and allergic processes has been disputed. Recent human experiments using a humanised monoclonal antibody to interleukin-5 (IL-5), and animal studies involving specific IL-5 gene deletion, indicates that eosinophils might control downstream repair and remodelling pro...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.07.006
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic debilitating conditions, which impair the patient's quality of life significantly. Among them, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic disorders for which an infective etiology has long been sought. Here, we present an opinion in support of the hypothesis th...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02000-2
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Harmless microbes colonizing the gut require the establishment of a well-equilibrated symbiosis between this microbiota and its host. However, the immune system is primed to recognize both conserved microbial patterns and foreign antigens, and therefore developed strong tolerance mechanisms to prevent potential fatal ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.05.002
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells play a central role in the initiation of inflammatory responses associated with asthma and other allergic disorders. Receptor-mediated mast cell growth, differentiation, homing to their target tissues, survival and activation are all controlled, to varying degrees, by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-driven...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.07.004
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy highlights the power of the immune system to control tumors, although a small patient subset responds to current immunotherapies. Additional approaches to mobilize antitumor immunity are required to overcome primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy such as immune checkpo...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.08.010
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells, as orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, serve important physiological and potentially therapeutic roles, for example in cancer immunotherapy. T cells are readily isolated from patients; however, the yield of antigen-specific T cells is limited, thus making their clinical use challenging. Therefore, ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory process resulting from activation of the well-defined interleukin (IL)-23/T17 cytokine axis. We review the role of key cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 in psoriasis, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, focusing on therapeutic cytokine interventions and what they reveal about psoriatic...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.11.005
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are responsible for the early production of type 2 cytokines at mucosal barriers upon exposure to allergen. Inflammatory tissue environmental cues can influence ILC2 activity, and this cellular population can be further categorized into subtypes with additional or altern...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.10.007
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prominent population of innate CD8+ T cells develops in the thymus of several gene-deficient mouse strains, including Itk, KLF2, CBP and Id3. These cells have the phenotype and function of memory CD8+ T cells, without previous exposure to antigen. Surprisingly, the cytokine IL-4 plays a key role in their development...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2010.12.004
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
