Body composition changes during interventions to treat overweight and obesity in children and adolescents; a descriptive review.

Abstract:

:Nutrition, physical activity and behavior-modifying techniques are widely applied components of interventions treating obesity. Our aim was to review available information on the short and long term effects of intervention treatment on body fat composition of overweight and obese children and adolescents and, to obtain a further understanding on how different body composition techniques detect longitudinal changes. In total, thirteen papers were included; seven included a multidisciplinary intervention component, five applied a combined dietary and physical activity intervention and one a physical activity intervention. Body composition techniques used included anthropometric indices, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Percentage of fat mass change was calculated in when possible. Findings suggested, no changes were observed in fat free mass after 16 weeks of nutritional intervention and the lowest decrease on fat mass percentage was obtained. However, the highest fat mass percentage with parallel increase in fat free mass, both assess by DXA was observed in a multi-component intervention applied for 20 weeks. In conclusion, more studies are needed to determine the best field body composition method to monitor changes during overweight treatment in children and adolescents. :Nutrición, actividad física y la modificación del comportamiento alimentarios son técnicas muy empleadas en el tratamiento de la obesidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la información disponible de los efectos a corto y largo plazo del tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en la grasa corporal, y obtener una mejor comprensión de las técnicas empleadas para detectar los cambios longitudinales. Se incluyeron un total de 13 estudios, siete incluyen un tratamiento multidisciplinar, cinco aplicaron un tratamiento combinado de nutrición y actividad física y sólo uno realizaba un tratamiento de actividad física. Las técnicas de composición corporal empleadas incluyeron índices antropométricos, impedancia eléctrica y absorciometría dual de rayos X. El cambio de porcentaje de grasa se calculó cuando fue posible. Los resultados sugieren el mayor cambio en porcentaje de grasa con un aumento paralelo de la masa libre de grasa, ambos determinados con absorciometría dual de rayos X en la intervención multidisciplinar durante 20 semanas. En conclusión, se necesitan más estudios que determinen el mejor método de composición corporal para controlar los cambios durante el tratamiento de del sobrepeso en niños y adolescentes.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

de Miguel-Etayo P,Moreno LA,Iglesia I,Bel-Serrat S,Mouratidou T,Garagorri JM

doi

10.3305/nh.2013.28.1.6264

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-01-01 00:00:00

pages

52-62

issue

1

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

28

pub_type

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