The calcium concentration of public drinking waters and bottled mineral waters in Spain and its contribution to satisfying nutritional needs.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:A sufficient intake of calcium enables correct bone mineralization. The bioavailability of calcium in water is similar to that in milk. OBJECTIVE:To determine the concentration of calcium in public drinking water and bottled mineral water. METHODS:We used ion chromatography to analyse the calcium concentrations of public drinking waters in a representative sample of 108 Spanish municipalities (21,290,707 people) and of 109 natural mineral waters sold in Spain, 97 of which were produced in Spain and 12 of which were imported. RESULTS:The average calcium concentration of public drinking waters was 38.96 ± 32.44 mg/L (range: 0.40- 159.68 mg/L). In 27 municipalities, the water contained 50-100 mg/L of calcium and in six municipalities it contained over 100 mg/L. The average calcium concentration of the 97 Spanish natural mineral water brands was 39.6 mg/L (range: 0.6-610.1 mg/L). Of these, 34 contained 50-100 mg/L of calcium and six contained over 100 mg/L. Of the 12 imported brands, 10 contained over 50 mg/L. Assuming water consumption is as recommended, water containing 50-100 mg/L of calcium provides 5.4-12.8% of the recommended intake of calcium for children aged one to thirteen, up to 13.6% for adolescents, 5.8-17.6% for adults, and up to 20.8% for lactating mothers. Water with 100-150 mg/L of calcium provides 10-31% of the recommended dietary allowance, depending on the age of the individual. DISCUSSION:Public drinking water and natural mineral water consumption in a third of Spanish cities can be considered an important complementary source of calcium. :INTRODUCCIÓN: Una adecuada ingesta de calcio condiciona una buena mineralización ósea. OBJETIVO:Determinar el contenido en calcio en aguas de bebida. MÉTODOS: En 2012 se analizaron las concentraciones de calcio, por cromatografía iónica, de aguas de consumo público de una muestra representativa de 108 poblaciones españolas que abastecen a 21.290.707 personas, así como de 109 aguas minerales naturales comercializadas en España (97 españolas y 12 importadas). RESULTADOS:La concentración media de calcio en aguas de consumo público fue de 38,96 ± 32,44 mg/L (rango: 0,40-159,68 mg/L). En 27 poblaciones el agua contiene entre 50-100 mg/L de calcio y en 6 fue superior a 100 mg/L. La concentración media de calcio de las 97 marcas españolas de aguas fue de 39,6 mg/L (rango: 0,6-610,1 mg/L), 34 de ellas contenían entre 50-100 mg/L de calcio, mientras que en 6 de ellas más de 100 mg/L. De las 12 marcas importadas, 10 contenían más de 50 mg/L. Asumiendo una ingesta de agua recomendada, si el agua contiene entre 50-100 mg/L de calcio, ésta aportaría entre 5,4-12,8% de la ingesta de calcio recomendada para los niños de 1-13 años, hasta el 13,6% en adolescentes, entre 5,8-17,6% en adultos, y hasta el 20,8% en madres lactantes. El agua conteniendo 100-150 mg/L de calcio aportaría entre 10- 31% de las recomendaciones según la edad. DISCUSIÓN: El agua de consumo público de un tercio de ciudades españolas y de aguas minerales naturales puede ser considerada como una fuente complementaria importante de calcio ingerido.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Vitoria I,Maraver F,Ferreira-Pêgo C,Armijo F,Moreno Aznar L,Salas-Salvadó J

doi

10.3305/nh.2014.30.1.7491

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-07-01 00:00:00

pages

188-99

issue

1

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

30

pub_type

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