[Strengths and weaknesses of food and diet in the Spanish population of the 21st century].

Abstract:

Introduction:Introduction: at present, it is precisely the Mediterranean countries whose characteristic lifestyle was recognized as a health paradigm and promoted to the rest of the world, those who are at mostly at risk, in which it becomes necessary the immediate development of strategies based on education that may contribute to the adoption of a healthier diet and lifestyle. Objectives: to review the current dietary patterns in Spain, as well as its evolution in the last years. Methods: review of the studies that have been published in relation to the subject. Results: changes in the diet and lifestyle that have been introduced in recent years in Spain have led to a gradual decreased in the consumption of cereals and derivatives, potatoes and legumes, whereas an increase in the intake of meats and meat derivatives and non-alcoholic drinks has occurred. From the nutritional point of view, these trends resulted in an increase of the proportion of total fats (mainly saturated) and proteins (highly in those of animal origin) in the diet while complex carbohydrates have experienced a decrease (accompanied by a higher consumption of total sugars, including added ones). At the same time, the Spanish society should be considered as with a sedentary behavior. These facts have as one of the main negative consequences that Spain show one of the highest prevalence rates of childhood obesity in Europe, but also in adults. Conclusions: in this context, there is a need to promote the recovery of our culture (Mediterranean diet), and to return to feed and live according to patterns that have kept us protected during generations of many diseases. In fact, it should be important to try to answer the following question: If not so many years ago we had a food model that fulfilled all the recommendations of a healthy diet, which are the main barriers at present from returning to it? Introducción:Introducción: en la actualidad, son precisamente los países mediterráneos, cuyo estilo de vida característico fue reconocido como paradigma de salud y promocionado al resto del mundo, los que se encuentran en situación de riesgo, en la que se hace necesario el desarrollo inmediato de estrategias que contribuyan a la adopción de hábitos saludables de vida. Objetivos: revisar los patrones de la dieta actual en España, así como su evolución en los últimos años. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica relacionada con el tema. Resultados: los cambios en el estilo de vida que han ido introduciéndose poco a poco en los últimos años han propiciado una progresiva disminución en el consumo de cereales y derivados, patatas y legumbres, y un aumento de la ingesta de carnes rojas y derivados. Desde el punto de vista nutricional, esta tendencia se ha traducido en un incremento de la dieta en grasa y proteínas, en detrimento de los hidratos de carbono complejos (y un incremento asociado de los azúcares totales, incluidos los añadidos). Al mismo tiempo, la población española, con independencia de la edad, muestra un comportamiento mayoritariamente sedentario. Todo lo anterior ha propiciado que España se encuentre en una situación preocupante, puesto que contamos con una de las tasas de prevalencia de obesidad infantil y juvenil más elevadas de toda Europa, fenómeno que también resulta grave en la población adulta. Conclusiones: se constata la necesidad de favorecer la recuperación de nuestra cultura alimentaria, a través de la educación, y de volver a alimentarnos y a vivir de acuerdo con unos patrones que nos han mantenido protegidos durante generaciones, tratando de responder a la siguiente pregunta: si no hace tantos años llevábamos una alimentación que cumplía con las recomendaciones de dieta saludable, ¿qué nos impide volver a ella?

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Partearroyo T,Laja García AI,Varela-Moreiras G

doi

10.20960/nh.02685

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-07-02 00:00:00

pages

3-6

issue

Spec No1

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

36

pub_type

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