[β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate as a dietary supplement (II): cell and molecular mechanism of action].

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:In recent years, several investigations have related -hydroxy--methylbutyrate (HMB) to a reduced muscle proteolysis and to an increase in muscle mass. Therefore, a number of studies focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating these effects have been carried out. AIMS:The objectives of this review are: to know both HMB metabolism and toxicity, and to identify HMB cellular and molecular mechanisms of action when used as a dietary supplement. METHODS:A search was performed in the Web of Science, Pubmed and SportDiscus data bases. RESULTS were divided into two parts; this article presents aspects referring to HMB mechanisms of action. RESULTS:There is insufficient evidence that HMB intake increases muscle cholesterol synthesis. It probably has positive effects on muscle metabolism through both the mTOR and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, although the mechanism of action is unknown. HMB may increase blood levels of -hydroxybutyrate and this could explain the main effects of HMB on muscle proteolysis. CONCLUSION:According to these results, the possibility of justifying the action of HMB through the beta-hydroxybutyrate pathway opens an interesting line of research for future studies. :Introducción: En los últimos años el -hidroxi--metilbutirato (HMB) ha sido foco de diversas investigaciones que le atribuyen un efecto sobre la disminución de la proteólisis muscular y un incremento de la masa muscular. Por tanto, se han realizado estudios centrados en los mecanismos celulares y moleculares responsables de dichos efectos. Objetivos: Los objetivos de la presente revisión son: conocer el metabolismo del HMB, así como su absorción y excreción; estudiar la posible toxicidad del HMB; e identificar los mecanismos celulares y moleculares de acción del HMB cuando se utiliza como suplemento nutricional. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Pubmed y SportDiscus para realizar la búsqueda de artículos. Los resultados se dividieron en dos partes; en este artículo se presentan los resultados referentes a los mecanismos de acción del HMB. Resultados: No existen suficientes datos que apoyen que la ingesta de HMB incremente la síntesis de colesterol en el músculo. Es posible que existan efectos positivos en el metabolismo muscular a través de la vía mTOR y del sistema ubiquitin-proteasoma, aunque no se conoce su mecanismo de acción. Probablemente, el HMB eleva los niveles sanguíneos de hidroxibutirato y esto podría explicar sus principales efectos sobre la disminución de la proteólisis muscular. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, la posibilidad de justificar la acción del HMB a través de la vía del beta-hidroxibutirato abre una interesante línea de investigación para futuros estudios.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Manjarrez-Montes-de-Oca R,Torres-Vaca M,González-Gallego J,Alvear-Ordenes I

doi

10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.8437

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-11-27 00:00:00

pages

597-605

issue

2

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

31

pub_type

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