Calcium, essential for health

Abstract:

:Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant mineral element in our body. It accounts for about 2% of body weight. The functions of calcium are: a) functions skeletal and b) regulatory functions. Bone consists of a protein matrix that mineralizes mainly with calcium (the most abundant), phosphate and magnesium, for it is essential an adequate dietary intake of Ca, phosphorus and vitamin D. The ionic Ca (Ca2+) is essential to maintain and / or perform different specialized functions of, virtually, all body cells cellular. Because of its important functions Ca2+ must be closely regulated, keeping plasma concentrations within narrow ranges. For this reason there is an accurate response against hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia in which the parathormone, calcitriol, calcitonin and vitamin K are involved. Ca intakes in the Spanish population are low in a significant percentage of the older adult’s population, especially in women. The main source of Ca in the diet is milk and milk derivatives. Green leafy vegetables, fruits and legumes can be important sources of Ca in a Mediterranean dietary pattern. The bioavailability of dietary Ca depends on physiological and dietary factors. Physiological include age, physiological status (gestation and lactation) Ca and vitamin D status and disease. Several studies relate Ca intake in the diet and various diseases, such as osteoporosis, cancer, cardiovascular disease and obesity. :El calcio (Ca) es el elemento mineral más abundante en nuestro organismo, ya que forma parte importante del esqueleto y los dientes. Supone alrededor del 2% del peso corporal. Las funciones del calcio son: a) funciones esqueléticas y b) funciones reguladoras. El hueso está formado por una matriz proteica que se mineraliza de forma mayoritaria con calcio (el más abundante), fosfato y magnesio; para ello es imprescindible un correcto aporte dietético de Ca, fósforo y vitamina D. El Ca iónico (Ca2+) es un componente celular imprescindible para mantener y/o realizar las diferentes funciones especializadas de prácticamente todas las células del organismo. Debido a sus importantes funciones, el Ca2+ debe estar estrechamente regulado, manteniéndose sus concentraciones plasmáticas dentro de unos rangos estrechos. Para ello existe una respuesta precisa frente a la hipocalcemia o la hipercalcemia, en la que intervienen la parathormona, el calcitriol, la calcitonina y la vitamina K. Las ingestas de Ca en la población española son bajas en un porcentaje significativo de la población, especialmente en adultos mayores, sobre todo en las mujeres. La principal fuente de Ca en la dieta son la leche y todos sus derivados. Las verduras de hoja verde, frutas y legumbres pueden tener importancia como fuentes de Ca en un patrón alimentario mediterráneo. La biodisponibilidad del Ca de la dieta depende de factores fisiológicos y dietéticos. Los fisiológicos incluyen la edad, situación fisiológica (gestación y lactación), el estatus de Ca y vitamina D y la enfermedad. Diversos estudios relacionan la ingesta de Ca en la dieta y distintas enfermedades, como osteoporosis, cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares y obesidad.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Martínez de Victoria E

doi

10.20960/nh.341

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-07-12 00:00:00

pages

341

issue

Suppl 4

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

33

pub_type

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