Abstract：
:The two-signal model of T cell activation states that antigen recognition by TCR provides a tolerogenic signal (termed Signal 1) unless the T cell receives simultaneous costimulation (Signal 2) that permits antigen recognition to prime activation. Our efforts to characterize genetic and biochemical factors resulting from Signal 1 alone have identified signaling molecules, transcription factors, and an epigenetic regulator that each contribute to the anergic phenotype observed. However, our most striking finding is that the same factors identified using anergy to model T cell activation versus tolerance also participate in determining the outcome of the effector phenotype of fully activated T cells. We summarize our own findings and other recent advances in the genetic and biochemical understanding of T cell activation, tolerance, and plasticity in this review.
journal_name
Immunol Resjournal_title
Immunologic researchauthors
Gamper CJ,Powell JDdoi
10.1007/s12026-009-8147-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
162-71issue
1-3eissn
0257-277Xissn
1559-0755journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intractable multifaceted disease with high mortality. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, recent studies have advanced our knowledge on SSc. The cardinal pathological features of SSc are autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. The B cells in SSc are constitutively activa...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-017-8926-y
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used MAb to L3T4 to examine the function of L3T4+ T cells in normal and autoimmune mice. Treatment of mice with MAb to L3T4 profoundly depleted L3T4+ cells from the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes, but not the thymus. In BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, selective depletion of L3T4+ cells blocked both primary and second...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02917584
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective method for treating OSAS and alleviating the patients' symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 3...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8869-8
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Host defense of the lung is characterized by a fine balance between the generation of a vigorous inflammatory response to clear pathogens and maintenance of the integrity of the alveolar gas-exchange surface. The magnitude of the inflammatory response is therefore tightly regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytoki...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02786504
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primate complement receptor type 1 (CR1) protein, a single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein, plays an important role in immune adherence and clearing complement-opsonized immune complexes. Here, the mRNA of the porcine primate-like complement receptor (CR1-like) gene was analyzed, and two domain sequences with potenti...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8792-z
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gamma-herpesvirus that establishes life-long latency and is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and the development of several malignancies. EBV infection is frequently, but not always, associated with the development of a syndrome termed infectious mononucleosi...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:25:3:201
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histones appear in plasma during infectious or non-infectious sepsis and are associated with multiorgan injury. In the current studies, intravenous infusion of histones resulted in their localization in major organs. In vitro exposure of mouse macrophages to histones caused a buildup of histones on cell membranes foll...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8628-2
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune cell development and function must be tightly regulated through cell surface receptors to ensure proper responses to pathogen and tolerance to self. In T cells, the signal from the T-cell receptor is essential for T-cell maturation, homeostasis, and activation. In mast cells, the high-affinity receptor for IgE ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-010-8175-9
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thermal injury, as well as other forms of severe trauma, induces simultaneous hyper- and anti-inflammatory response. While data about decreased number and responsiveness of T lymphocytes are largely consistent, reports concerning granulocytes following trauma are contradictory. Contrary to the evidence on the increase...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-012-8280-z
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial peptide innate immunity plays a central role in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, as has been described extensively in different settings. However, the role that these molecules play in the immunity mediated by polymorphonuclear phagocytes as part of the innate immunity of ageing individuals has...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-015-8689-2
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:WASP, the product of the gene mutated in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, is expressed only in hematopoietic cells and is the archetype of a family of proteins that include N-WASP and Scar/WAVE. WASP plays a critical role in T cell activation and actin reorganization. WASP has multiple protein-interacting domains. Through it...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-008-8086-1
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic infections have been a major topic of investigation in recent years, but the mechanisms that dictate whether or not a pathogen is successfully controlled are incompletely understood. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus that establishes a persistent infection in the majority of people in the world. Like othe...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-011-8251-9
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) B cells persist even in nonautoimmune- prone animals. In this review, we summarize data regarding the activation potential of these cells. Provision of cognate CD4 T cell help to anti-dsDNA B cells in nonautoimmune mice not only drives their maturation and entry into the B cell follicl...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:27:2-3:219
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) positivity suggests CTD but can also lead to a diagnosis of UCTD when a patient does not fulfill the CTD diagnostic criteria. An anti-dense fine speckled (DFS) immunofluorescence (IIF) pattern can be observed when using an ANA test on HEp-2 cells and is due to the presence of antibodies to ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8836-4
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic liver disease, which is invariably fatal. Circumstantial and indirect evidence suggests that autoimmune mechanisms have a role in the pathogenesis of PBC. Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are highly sensitive and specific markers that can predict ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02788754
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Cluster of differentiation 226(CD226)/T cell immunoglobulin and immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) axis plays an important role in the balance of the immune response. A previous study showed that CD226 is involved in CD4+ T cell differentiation and that blocking CD226 may attenuate expe...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-019-09112-9
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes has led to a puzzling observation: mice deficient in lymphocytes are more resistant during the early innate immune response. This is counterintuitive, because mice deficient in the adaptive immune response are unable to clear the infection and eventually die. This work wil...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-007-0017-z
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a T cell-mediated immune response to cutaneous sensitization and subsequent challenge with haptens such as dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone. Many aspects concerning the development and regulation of CHS remain unknown. Using CHS as a model of T cell-mediated immune responses to anti...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:24:1:69
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B cell development starts in the bone marrow where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) progress through sequential developmental stages, as it differentiates into a naïve B cell expressing surface immunoglobulin. In the periphery, B cells that encounter antigen can further differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cell...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12026-011-8225-y
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are able to provide protections to the host against repeated insults from intracellular pathogens. However, it has not been completely understood how the effector functions of memory CTLs are induced upon antigen challenge, which is directly related to the efficacy of their protec...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-017-8920-4
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review of the events leading to the New Era of Immunology focuses on the important leads provided by the Experiments of Nature. Not only did they provide the path that led to our present knowledge of the ontogeny of the immune system, but also to an entirely new perspective of lymphocytic malignancies. The power ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-007-0047-6
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol addition to B lymphocytes in vitro inhibits antigen-induced antibody secretion and antigen-induced cell proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol can inhibit the effect of interleukins on B-cell proliferation by adding ethanol to in vitro functional assays for IL-2 and IL-4. Ethanol does not inhibit...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02918616
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic inflammation mediated by microglial cells is the fundamental process contributing to the death of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons in the brain. Production of inflammatory products by these microglial cells characterizes the slow destructive process in Parkinson's disease (PD). The activation of microglial cell...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-008-8018-0
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The key role of T cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination and the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to induce antiviral T cell responses suggest that DC vaccines could be a promising approach in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The aim of our study was to evaluate, whether immunotherapy with DCs is safe and...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-017-8967-2
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily highly conserved polypeptides synthesized by many cells to preserve cellular functions under a variety of stressful conditions including infections. We have investigated the involvement of 65-kDa HSP (HSP65) in host protection against an intracellular protozoan parasite, T...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02918253
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the presence of albuminuria and cytokines profile with biomarkers of endothelial damage and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The sample was composed by 35 healthy individuals, 63 DM1 patients with normoalbuminuria ...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-016-8806-x
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytolytic effector function fails to develop if proliferation of allospecific cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors is inhibited, but the requirements for generation of cytolytic activity have not been fully defined. In contrast, the cytolytic effector function of cytolytic T lymphocyte clones does not change during the c...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02935614
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neonate has an increased susceptibility to infection, in part owing to an inability to produce antibody to thymus-independent antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides (PS). This poor response to PS antigens is likely owing to multiple factors. Neonatal B cells are of an immature phenotype, as evidenced by cell-s...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/IR:31:1:25
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report on 12 patients with chronic granulomatous disease transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells from matched unrelated (n = 9) or matched sibling donors (n = 3). The most common infectious complication was pulmonary aspergillosis, which nine patients had previously developed. Only 5 of 12 individuals had normal...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-008-8068-3
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We retrospectively analyzed the transplantation outcomes of 31 patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases treated at our center (All Children's Hospital, University of South Florida) since its inception in 1986. The primary immune diseases included severe combined immunodeficiency, Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, X-lin...
journal_title：Immunologic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12026-009-8111-z
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
