Abstract：
:Despite readily detectable virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in most HIV-infected patients, immune surveillance is eventually lost, leading to progression to AIDS. Recently developed insights into human T-cell differentiation have been used to study the phenotype of virus-specific T cells in HIV-infected individuals. Based on these results, we propose that failing immune control in human viral infection could be a result of impaired cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) maturation into fully differentiated effector T cells. Impaired maturation is not confined to HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells but could also be involved in failing immunity to Epstein-Barr virus and other viral infections. We postulate that CD27(-) effector CD8(+) T cells might be required for adequate control of chronic viral infection and prevention of disease development.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
van Baarle D,Kostense S,van Oers MH,Hamann D,Miedema Fdoi
10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02326-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-12-01 00:00:00pages
586-91issue
12eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471490602023268journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The immune system confines neoplasia at various stages of tumor development. Whereas the role of cellular immunity has been investigated widely and utilized in the clinic, the importance of humoral immunity in this process has begun to emerge only in recent years. Circulating antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) typicall...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01984-6
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte r...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.07.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects, vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune system to handle other pathogens. For instance, in randomized trials tuberculosis and measles vaccines are associated with a substantial re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation and differentiation of CD8 T cells is a necessary first step that endows these cells with the phenotypic and functional properties required for the control of intracellular pathogens. The induction of the CD8 T cell responses typically results in the development of a massive overall population of effect...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2011.01.004
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells are currently recognized as effector cells in many settings beyond just allergic reactions, including innate immunity, autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory disorders and atherosclerosis. Signaling pathways of the mast cell response have been widely explored in the past but these are still linked with single a...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2007.06.007
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunology in recent years has taken a somewhat surprising turn, expressed by a renewed interest in innate immunity. Especially intriguing is the regulatory role exerted by the innate components on the adaptive response, with Toll receptors and complement components being the most investigated. This function has been ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00118-2
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that bacterial signaling molecules are involved in cross-kingdom communication with eukaryotic cells. Bacterial signaling molecules can enter eukaryotic cells and appear to modulate immune responses to bacterial pathogens. Recently, an enticing study demonstrated that mam...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.08.001
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the 'success story' of vertebrate evolution, the acquisition and refinement of the adaptive immune system is far from the least impressive example of co-evolution. Members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) have crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immun...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00166-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of an...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.03.006
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NOD1 and NOD2 are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system with well-established roles in sensing fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan. In addition to their role as microbial sensors, recent evidence indicates that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) can also recognize a broader array of...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.07.004
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has reversed the fatal course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HAART controls virus production and, in most cases, allows the quantitative and functional immune defects caused by HIV to be reversed. Here, we review T cell homeostatic mechani...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2010.12.002
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ocular surface is a unique mucosal immune compartment in which anatomical, physiological, and immunological features act in concert to foster a particularly tolerant microenvironment. These mechanisms are vital to the functional competence of the eye, a fact underscored by the devastating toll of excessive inflamm...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.11.007
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic-scale gene expression profiling can reveal cellular physiology with unprecedented richness. This technology is being used to define the gene expression targets of individual regulatory proteins and signaling pathways. Comprehensive databases of gene expression measurements can be used to understand the patholo...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(00)01792-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymph nodes are strategically located throughout the body to allow lymphocytes to efficiently encounter their cognate antigen and become activated. The structure of the lymph nodes is such that B and T lymphocytes each have their own microdomain. This structure is provided by lymph node stromal cells, which also provi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2011.10.006
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing age is associated with a decreasing ability to mediate effective immune responses to newly encountered antigens. It is generally believed that this reflects the age-associated decline in the number, repertoire and function of available naive T cells. Here, we propose that naive T cells become increasingly i...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.05.002
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process by which cells deliver cytoplasmic material for degradation into lysosomes. Autophagy may have evolved as a nutrient-providing homeostatic pathway induced upon starvation, but with the acquisition of cargo receptors, autophagy has become an important cellula...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.06.003
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic immunological research has greatly expanded our understanding of the suspected immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and, more importantly, spawned a new generation of clinical trials evaluating dozens of immune-based therapies. Adhesion molecules are the furthest into development, although patient acceptan...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.09.012
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the function of the circulating immune cell compartment has been studied in detail for decades, limitations in terms of access and cell yields from peripheral tissues have restricted our understanding of tissue-based immunity, particularly in humans. Recent advances in high-throughput protein analyses, transc...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.08.009
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and miRNAs, are induced in B cells by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response. They play major roles in regulating somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR), and differentiation to plasma cells or long...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.03.006
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How innate immunity gave rise to adaptive immunity in vertebrates remains unknown. We propose an evolutionary scenario beginning with pathogen-associated molecular pattern(s) (PAMPs) being presented by molecule(s) on one cell to specific receptor(s) on other cells, much like MHC molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD45, the leucocyte common antigen, is a haemopoietic cell-specific tyrosine phosphatase. Many isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, but their function remains obscure. The extracellular domain of CD45 is highly polymorphic in all vertebrates. Importantly, human polymorphic variants that alter CD45 isoform e...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-deletional tolerance resulting in the generation of regulatory T cells within the thymus is a key mechanism for the establishment of immunological self-tolerance. How the high-affinity self-reactive regulatory T cells escape negative selection and what type of antigen-presenting cells positively select them within...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.03.004
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three studies published in Cell Reports (Hinks et al., Lamichhane et al., and Leng et al.) describe the transcriptome of human and mouse mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells after cognate and noncognate stimulation. The results confirm the variability of MAIT cell effector functions and provide evidence of a ne...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.09.001
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelets are central players in thrombosis and hemostasis but are increasingly recognized as key components of the immune system. They shape ensuing immune responses by recruiting leukocytes, and support the development of adaptive immunity. Recent data shed new light on the complex role of platelets in immunity. Her...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.08.004
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three recent studies provide new insight into the mechanisms that promote the differentiation of antigen-primed T cells into the follicular helper T (Tfh) lineage, revealing a key role for the transcription factor TCF-1 in the regulation of the Bcl6-Blimp-1 axis that mediates the divergence between the Tfh and the Th1...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.11.001
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. Together with B cell lymphoma (Bcl)10 and the paracaspase, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (Malt)1,...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.02.006
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamics plays an important but underappreciated role in the interaction between the T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). Crystallographic studies have provided key molecular insights into this interaction; however, due to inherent features of the structural approach, the im...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2014.10.005
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung capillaries, best known for vital gas exchange, also contribute to neutrophil margination, a phenomenon resulting in large numbers of pulmonary vascular neutrophils. Importantly, the functional relevance of neutrophil margination is unknown. Recent advances in microscopy have altered our understanding of why neut...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.09.002
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immune disorder that not only causes increased susceptibility to infection, but also to inflammatory complications such as autoimmunity, lymphoid proliferation, malignancy, and granulomatous disease. Recent findings implicate the microbiome as a driver of this systemic imm...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.11.008
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia are brain macrophages that emerge from early erythro-myeloid precursors in the embryonic yolk sac and migrate to the brain mesenchyme before the blood brain barrier is formed. They seed the brain, and proliferate until they have formed a grid-like distribution in the central nervous system that is maintained...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.08.005
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
