Abstract：
:The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has reversed the fatal course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HAART controls virus production and, in most cases, allows the quantitative and functional immune defects caused by HIV to be reversed. Here, we review T cell homeostatic mechanisms that drive immune recovery. These homeostatic mechanisms, as well as differences in T cell antigen exposure, explain the distinct patterns of recovery for HIV-specific T cells versus T cells specific for other pathogens. Immune restoration during HAART can, however, have adverse effects. Immune restoration syndrome occurs in some patients as a result of successful but unbalanced immunity.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Guihot A,Bourgarit A,Carcelain G,Autran Bdoi
10.1016/j.it.2010.12.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
131-7issue
3eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(10)00170-5journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Despite readily detectable virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in most HIV-infected patients, immune surveillance is eventually lost, leading to progression to AIDS. Recently developed insights into human T-cell differentiation have been used to study the phenotype of virus-specific T cells in HIV-infected individuals. Base...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02326-8
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) have been classified into distinct subsets based on phenotype and ontogeny. In the past few years, high throughput single-cell approaches have revealed further heterogeneity of human DCs, in particular at the transcriptomic level. Herein examined, are recent studies describing new human DC popula...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.10.002
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The termination of inflammation is governed by endogenous molecules collectively referred to as 'mediators of resolution' of inflammation. There is now strong evidence to suggest that failed resolution may underpin autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and could thus be targeted to decrease inflammation. There are many...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.01.007
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK)-cell receptors (NKRs) on CD8+ T cells can modulate antigen-specific T-cell activity but their function and rules that govern their expression remain unclear. Recent work has provided new insight into CD94-NKG2A expression on T cells. Whereas upregulation on the cell surface is induced following T-c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00064-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MHC class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) is the major regulator of expression of MHC class II genes. Thus, CIITA plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the immune response. Here, we discuss our findings on the dual role of CIITA during infections, as the target (prey) for certain pathogens but the hos...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02003-8
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human immune system comprises cellular and molecular components designed to coordinately prevent infection while avoiding potentially harmful inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunity varies with age, reflecting unique age-dependent challenges including fetal gestation, the neonatal phase, and infancy. Here, we revi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2014.04.007
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelets are central players in thrombosis and hemostasis but are increasingly recognized as key components of the immune system. They shape ensuing immune responses by recruiting leukocytes, and support the development of adaptive immunity. Recent data shed new light on the complex role of platelets in immunity. Her...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.08.004
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects, vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune system to handle other pathogens. For instance, in randomized trials tuberculosis and measles vaccines are associated with a substantial re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.12.003
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD, or commonly known as pristane)-induced lupus is a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Renal disease and autoantibody production strictly depend on signaling through the interferon (IFN)-I receptor. The major source of IFN-I is immature monocytes bearing high levels of the ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2009.06.003
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic immunological research has greatly expanded our understanding of the suspected immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and, more importantly, spawned a new generation of clinical trials evaluating dozens of immune-based therapies. Adhesion molecules are the furthest into development, although patient acceptan...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.09.012
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detailed sequence analysis of the companion alpha chains in several T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain transgenic mice have shown that the mature alpha chain repertoires of CD4+ T cells are biased toward the parental TCR alpha chain sequences. These studies further indicate that it is self-peptide-self-MHC recognition d...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02306-2
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc, also known as scleroderma) has the highest case-specific mortality among the rheumatic diseases; however, advances in understanding of pathogenesis and an appreciation of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease, together with therapeutic advances in other areas, have raised the possibility ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.09.002
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral tolerance is a well-characterized phenomenon in animals and is highly effective when induced as a treatment for experimental autoimmune disease. However, its use as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of autoimmune disease in humans has been disappointing. Much of the rationale for its use in humans is based...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01892-0
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and SLAM-associated protein (SAP) families have key roles in normal immunity. They have also been implicated in diseases such as immunodeficiencies and auto-immunity. However, recent findings raise issues requiring examination in future investigations of these molec...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.03.003
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells are known to scale their clonal expansion and effector cytokine response according to the dose and strength of antigenic signal so as to balance their role of affecting protection with the intertwined and immunologically driven tissue damage. How T cells achieve this is now beginning to be understood. We under...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.06.005
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Senescent cells, albeit not proliferating, are metabolically and transcriptionally active, thereby capable of affecting their microenvironment, notably via the production of inflammatory mediators. These mediators maintain and propagate the senescence process to neighboring cells, and then recruit immune cells for cle...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.02.009
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three recent studies provide new insight into the mechanisms that promote the differentiation of antigen-primed T cells into the follicular helper T (Tfh) lineage, revealing a key role for the transcription factor TCF-1 in the regulation of the Bcl6-Blimp-1 axis that mediates the divergence between the Tfh and the Th1...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.11.001
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are crucial in establishing the control of persistent virus infections. Population studies of HIV-1-infected individuals suggest that CD8(+) CTL responses targeting epitopes that take the greatest toll on virus replication are instrumental in immune control. A major questi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2009.12.003
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In autoimmune disease, a network of diverse cytokines is produced in association with disease susceptibility to constitute the 'cytokine milieu' that drives chronic inflammation. It remains elusive how cytokines interact in such a complex network to sustain inflammation in autoimmune disease. This has presented huge c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.10.003
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic, progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism(s) underlying their progressive nature remains unknown but a timely and well-controlled inflammatory reaction is essential for the i...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process by which cells deliver cytoplasmic material for degradation into lysosomes. Autophagy may have evolved as a nutrient-providing homeostatic pathway induced upon starvation, but with the acquisition of cargo receptors, autophagy has become an important cellula...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.06.003
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro-generated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) initially attracted interest for their ability to undergo differentiation toward cells of different lineages. More recently, a major breakthrough was the discovery that MSCs exert a profound inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, M...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2007.03.001
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells, as orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, serve important physiological and potentially therapeutic roles, for example in cancer immunotherapy. T cells are readily isolated from patients; however, the yield of antigen-specific T cells is limited, thus making their clinical use challenging. Therefore, ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although therapy-mediated suppression of HIV-1 is effective and results in a degree of immune reconstitution, the complications resulting from life-long treatment emphasize the need for alternatives. This review discusses the use of structured interruptions in antiviral therapy to induce drug-free periods of immune-me...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(00)01809-3
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyloid formation contributes to the development of progressive metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, while also serving functional roles in host defense. Emerging evidence suggests that as amyloidogenic peptides populate distinct aggregation states, they interact with different combinations of pattern recognition...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.06.005
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are primordial pathogen-recognition proteins that function as sentinels for the innate immune system. One of the TLR mysteries relates to TLR11, a receptor present in mice, but not humans, and known to recognize uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The first defined ligand for TLR11 has now been ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.08.006
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. There is still a dearth of knowledge about ZIKV immunity, but years of investigation into the immunobiology of other flaviviruses has helped to accelerate the development of a ZIKV vaccine. Although the humoral immune re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.05.004
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ocular surface is a unique mucosal immune compartment in which anatomical, physiological, and immunological features act in concert to foster a particularly tolerant microenvironment. These mechanisms are vital to the functional competence of the eye, a fact underscored by the devastating toll of excessive inflamm...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.11.007
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocyte development has long served as an experimental paradigm, revealing fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation and cellular differentiation in mammals. The study of E-protein-mediated transcriptional regulation in lymphocyte development provides a means to address these mechanistic issues. Both genetic and bi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.03.011
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
