Abstract：
:Increasing age is associated with a decreasing ability to mediate effective immune responses to newly encountered antigens. It is generally believed that this reflects the age-associated decline in the number, repertoire and function of available naive T cells. Here, we propose that naive T cells become increasingly irrelevant to the immune system, and that responses to newly encountered antigens are progressively dominated by cross-reactive memory T cells as the individual ages. In addition, we propose that the majority, if not all, of the response to newly encountered antigens in the elderly is mediated by cross-reactive memory T cells. This predicts highly stochastic responses to new infections that should vary between individuals, and has important implications for vaccination strategies in the elderly.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Woodland DL,Blackman MAdoi
10.1016/j.it.2006.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-07-01 00:00:00pages
303-7issue
7eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(06)00144-Xjournal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Inflammation is usually considered as harmful; however, it is also necessary for tissue recovery after injury. Macrophages exert immune and nonimmune functions throughout this process. During skeletal muscle regeneration, they mount an inflammatory response while exerting trophic roles on muscle and mesenchymal stem c...
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abstract：:How allergens trigger the T helper 2 (Th2) response that characterizes allergic lung inflammation is not well understood. Epithelium-derived alarmins released after an allergen encounter activate the innate immune system, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) which produce the type 2 interleukins IL-5 and IL...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
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abstract：:The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has reversed the fatal course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HAART controls virus production and, in most cases, allows the quantitative and functional immune defects caused by HIV to be reversed. Here, we review T cell homeostatic mechani...
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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abstract：:The regulated secretion of cellular proteins is central to the correct function of many cell types, including immune cells. Lymphocyte control of the storage, transport and exocytosis of immunomodulatory molecules is a highly specialised task triggered by T cell receptor engagement. The regulated secretory pathway in ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Recent advances allow aging-associated changes in B-cell function to be approached at a mechanistic level. Reduced expression of genes crucial to lineage commitment and differentiation yield diminished B-cell production. Moreover, intrinsic differences in the repertoire generated by B-cell precursors in aged individua...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.05.005
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.01.001
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.12.006
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 新闻
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更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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journal_title：Trends in immunology
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更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of the Toll-like family of receptors pre-dates the evolutionary split between the plant and animal kingdoms. These receptors are remarkably conserved across the taxonomic kingdoms and have fundamental roles in triggering immune responses. How they trigger such responses, and how these mechanisms arose in ev...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human immune system comprises cellular and molecular components designed to coordinately prevent infection while avoiding potentially harmful inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunity varies with age, reflecting unique age-dependent challenges including fetal gestation, the neonatal phase, and infancy. Here, we revi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
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abstract：:Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and miRNAs, are induced in B cells by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response. They play major roles in regulating somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR), and differentiation to plasma cells or long...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much attention has focused on the role of co-stimulation in dictating tolerance versus immunity to internalized antigens, with the assumption that the presentation of antigen-derived peptides by MHC molecules occurs constitutively. Here, I highlight our new appreciation for the regulated presentation of phagocytosed a...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.11.001
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
