Abstract：
:Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD)1 and NOD2 participate in signaling pathways that detect pathogen-induced processes, such as the presence of peptidoglycan fragments in the host cell cytosol, as danger signals. Recent work suggests that peptidoglycan fragments activate NOD1 indirectly, through activation of the small Rho GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1). Excessive activation of small Rho GTPases by virulence factors of enteric pathogens also triggers the NOD1 signaling pathway. Many enteric pathogens use virulence factors that alter the activation state of small Rho GTPases, thereby manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton of intestinal epithelial cells to promote bacterial attachment or entry. These data suggest that the NOD1 signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells provides an important sentinel function for detecting 'breaking and entering' by enteric pathogens.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Keestra AM,Bäumler AJdoi
10.1016/j.it.2013.10.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
123-30issue
3eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(13)00162-2journal_volume
35pub_type
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