Abstract：
:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic debilitating conditions, which impair the patient's quality of life significantly. Among them, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic disorders for which an infective etiology has long been sought. Here, we present an opinion in support of the hypothesis that bacterial superantigens can participate in the initiation, exaggeration or reactivation of enteric inflammatory disease, at least in some patients. Although the identification of a specific pathogen responsible for IBD remains a worthy pursuit, an awareness of the response to bacterial products per se will be of value in providing a comprehensive understanding of enteric pathophysiological mechanisms and their potential role in IBDs.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
McKay DMdoi
10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02000-2keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
497-501issue
9eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(01)02000-2journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Macrophage polarization refers to development of a specific phenotype important for tissue homeostasis or host defense in response to environmental cues. Environmental factors that induce macrophage polarization include cytokines and microbial factors produced by pathogens or commensal microbiota. Signaling pathways u...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.11.001
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although therapy-mediated suppression of HIV-1 is effective and results in a degree of immune reconstitution, the complications resulting from life-long treatment emphasize the need for alternatives. This review discusses the use of structured interruptions in antiviral therapy to induce drug-free periods of immune-me...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(00)01809-3
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How allergens trigger the T helper 2 (Th2) response that characterizes allergic lung inflammation is not well understood. Epithelium-derived alarmins released after an allergen encounter activate the innate immune system, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) which produce the type 2 interleukins IL-5 and IL...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.01.005
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, natural killer (NK) and other innate cells can recognize endogenous ligands that often act as markers of stress or damage. A recent study reports that one of these receptors, human NKp44, recognizes PDGF-DD, providing a rare example of the recognition of a solub...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.02.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immuno-gene therapy can be advantageously performed with nonviral approaches. Genes that encode regulatory cytokines or inflammatory cytokine inhibitors can be delivered intramuscularly and expressed for weeks or months. This type of gene transfer into muscle has been shown to ameliorate several autoimmune diseases an...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(00)01822-6
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated with tryptophan metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired tolerance in T cells. Recent findings reveal that IDO can be triggered by innate responses during tumorigenesis, and also by attempted T cell acti...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human immune system comprises cellular and molecular components designed to coordinately prevent infection while avoiding potentially harmful inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunity varies with age, reflecting unique age-dependent challenges including fetal gestation, the neonatal phase, and infancy. Here, we revi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2014.04.007
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis (SSc, also known as scleroderma) has the highest case-specific mortality among the rheumatic diseases; however, advances in understanding of pathogenesis and an appreciation of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease, together with therapeutic advances in other areas, have raised the possibility ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.09.002
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclically, during the day, increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing nutrient uptake, must be compensated for, to achieve increased protection against potentially harmful components. Seillet et al. demonstrate that, upon food intake, enteric neuron-derived VIP promotes anticipatory mucosal...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.03.011
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helminth parasites survive through a combination of parasite longevity, repeated re-infection and selective immune suppression to prevent protective Th2 responses. To counteract helminth-induced immunosuppression, and to induce long-term immunological memory, understanding of the multiple regulatory pathways within th...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.01.001
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunology in recent years has taken a somewhat surprising turn, expressed by a renewed interest in innate immunity. Especially intriguing is the regulatory role exerted by the innate components on the adaptive response, with Toll receptors and complement components being the most investigated. This function has been ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00118-2
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The F4/80 monoclonal antibody has been used widely as a marker for mouse macrophages. The antigen (Ag) recognized by the antibody has been characterized as a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-transmembrane 7 (TM7) family, although the function of the molecule has remained elusive. A recent study provides evi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.07.008
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two studies show that adding NOTCH ligands to Flt3L cultures increases the yield of cDC1s from mouse and human progenitors. Moreover, these NOTCH-DCs more closely resemble in vivo DCs transcriptionally and functionally. This will be extremely valuable for studying DCs in vitro and for further developing autologous DC-...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.08.002
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrosation of thiol-containing proteins is a mechanism for cell regulation. Nitric-oxide-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) are chemical entities obtained by adding a nitroxybutyl moiety to a conventional NSAID. NO-NSAIDs inhibit inflammation via cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-dependent and -independen...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01904-4
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detailed sequence analysis of the companion alpha chains in several T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain transgenic mice have shown that the mature alpha chain repertoires of CD4+ T cells are biased toward the parental TCR alpha chain sequences. These studies further indicate that it is self-peptide-self-MHC recognition d...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02306-2
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells are powerful immune modulators of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, these cells release a variety of preformed biologically active products, followed by a wave of mediator synthesis and secretion. Increasing evidence suggests that an intricate network of inhibitory and activating re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.01.008
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that bacterial signaling molecules are involved in cross-kingdom communication with eukaryotic cells. Bacterial signaling molecules can enter eukaryotic cells and appear to modulate immune responses to bacterial pathogens. Recently, an enticing study demonstrated that mam...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.08.001
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immune disorder that not only causes increased susceptibility to infection, but also to inflammatory complications such as autoimmunity, lymphoid proliferation, malignancy, and granulomatous disease. Recent findings implicate the microbiome as a driver of this systemic imm...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.11.008
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD, or commonly known as pristane)-induced lupus is a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Renal disease and autoantibody production strictly depend on signaling through the interferon (IFN)-I receptor. The major source of IFN-I is immature monocytes bearing high levels of the ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2009.06.003
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoires aims to comprehend Ig diversity with the goal of predicting humoral immune responses in the context of infection, vaccination, autoimmunity, and malignancies. The first next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of bulk B cell populations dramatically advanced sampling depth ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.05.003
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three studies published in Cell Reports (Hinks et al., Lamichhane et al., and Leng et al.) describe the transcriptome of human and mouse mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells after cognate and noncognate stimulation. The results confirm the variability of MAIT cell effector functions and provide evidence of a ne...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.09.001
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MHC class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) is the major regulator of expression of MHC class II genes. Thus, CIITA plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the immune response. Here, we discuss our findings on the dual role of CIITA during infections, as the target (prey) for certain pathogens but the hos...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02003-8
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune system confines neoplasia at various stages of tumor development. Whereas the role of cellular immunity has been investigated widely and utilized in the clinic, the importance of humoral immunity in this process has begun to emerge only in recent years. Circulating antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) typicall...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01984-6
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-deletional tolerance resulting in the generation of regulatory T cells within the thymus is a key mechanism for the establishment of immunological self-tolerance. How the high-affinity self-reactive regulatory T cells escape negative selection and what type of antigen-presenting cells positively select them within...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.03.004
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms accounting for the protective role of endogenous interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in certain murine autoimmune disease models, versus a disease-promoting role in others, have remained elusive. The protective effect of IFN-gamma might be unique to models that rely on the use of complete Freund's adjuvant (CF...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01937-8
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inducing sustained, robust CD8(+) T cell responses is necessary for therapeutic intervention in chronic infectious diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, most adjuvant formulations fail to induce substantial cellular immunity in humans. Attenuated acute infectious agents induce strong CD8(+) T cell immunity, and are thou...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.01.001
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) is crucial for the negative selection of B cells within the germinal center (GC). Impairment of CD95-mediated apoptosis results in defective affinity maturation and the persistence of autoreactive B-cell clones. CD95 was defined recently as a tumor-suppressor gene and is silenced in many tumor entitie...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02115-9
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TNF is a master proinflammatory cytokine whose pathogenic role in inflammatory disorders has long been attributed to induction of proinflammatory mediators. TNF also activates cell survival and death pathways, and recent studies demonstrated that TNF also causes inflammation by inducing cell death. The default respons...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.06.002
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How innate immunity gave rise to adaptive immunity in vertebrates remains unknown. We propose an evolutionary scenario beginning with pathogen-associated molecular pattern(s) (PAMPs) being presented by molecule(s) on one cell to specific receptor(s) on other cells, much like MHC molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The workshop on Multiple Sclerosis and Chemokines: Prospects for Therapeutic and Prophylactic Intervention was held in Chevy Chase, MD, USA, from 9-10 July 2001. ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02056-7
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
