Abstract：
:Recent advances allow aging-associated changes in B-cell function to be approached at a mechanistic level. Reduced expression of genes crucial to lineage commitment and differentiation yield diminished B-cell production. Moreover, intrinsic differences in the repertoire generated by B-cell precursors in aged individuals, coupled with falling B-cell generation rates and life-long homeostatic competition, result in narrowed clonotypic diversity. Similarly, reductions in gene products crucial for immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation impact the efficacy of humoral immune responses. Together, these findings set the stage for integrated analyses of how age-related changes at the molecular, cellular and population levels interact to yield the overall aging phenotype.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Cancro MP,Hao Y,Scholz JL,Riley RL,Frasca D,Dunn-Walters DK,Blomberg BBdoi
10.1016/j.it.2009.04.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
313-8issue
7eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471-4906(09)00102-1journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Unlike T cells that recognize digested peptides, B cells recognize their cognate antigen in its native form. The B cell receptor used in recognition can also be secreted to bind to antigens and initiate multiple effector functions such as phagocytosis, complement activation, or neutralization of receptors. While B cel...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.10.003
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When and how adaptive immunity emerged is one of the fundamental questions in immunology. Accumulated evidence suggests that the key components of adaptive immunity, rearranging receptor genes and the MHC, are unique to jawed vertebrates. Recent studies in protochordates, in particular, the draft genome sequence of th...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2003.11.005
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophage polarization refers to development of a specific phenotype important for tissue homeostasis or host defense in response to environmental cues. Environmental factors that induce macrophage polarization include cytokines and microbial factors produced by pathogens or commensal microbiota. Signaling pathways u...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.11.001
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One major determinant of systemic immunity during homeostasis and in certain complex multifactorial diseases (e.g. cancer and autoimmune conditions), is the gut microbiota. These commensals can shape systemic immune responses via translocation of metabolites, microbial cell wall components, and viable microbes. In the...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.12.005
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic viral infections and cancer often lead to the emergence of dysfunctional or 'exhausted' CD8+ T cells, and the restoration of their functions is currently the focus of therapeutic interventions. In this review, we detail recent advances in the annotation of the gene modules and the epigenetic landscape associat...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.05.008
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manipulating the immune system in order to induce clinically relevant responses against cancer is a longstanding goal. Interventions to enhance tumor-specific immunity through vaccination, sustaining effector T cell activation, or increasing the numbers of tumor-specific T cells using ex vivo expansion, have all resul...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.08.004
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells are subject to tight regulatory measures, as uncontrolled responses might be detrimental to the host. Control measures include central or thymic tolerance, and peripheral tolerance mechanisms acting after naive T cells have encountered their cognate antigen, such as anergy induction, the contraction phase (whe...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.09.006
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocyte development has long served as an experimental paradigm, revealing fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation and cellular differentiation in mammals. The study of E-protein-mediated transcriptional regulation in lymphocyte development provides a means to address these mechanistic issues. Both genetic and bi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.03.011
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are crucial in establishing the control of persistent virus infections. Population studies of HIV-1-infected individuals suggest that CD8(+) CTL responses targeting epitopes that take the greatest toll on virus replication are instrumental in immune control. A major questi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2009.12.003
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much attention has focused on the role of co-stimulation in dictating tolerance versus immunity to internalized antigens, with the assumption that the presentation of antigen-derived peptides by MHC molecules occurs constitutively. Here, I highlight our new appreciation for the regulated presentation of phagocytosed a...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.11.001
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homodimeric antibodies devoid of light chains have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, yet their specific immunological functions remain poorly understood. We survey the molecular and structural features of these antibodies, their immunological functions in host defense, and reflect on the long-standi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.09.008
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic, progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism(s) underlying their progressive nature remains unknown but a timely and well-controlled inflammatory reaction is essential for the i...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) results from immune-mediated damage to multiple organs. Its pathogenesis should be viewed as a series of steps, beginning with impaired immune regulation that permits self-reactive T-B-cell activation, which results in the production of autoantibodies. Activated T and B cells ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.08.013
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell migration is crucial for intrathymic T-cell differentiation. Chemokines and extracellular matrix proteins per se induce thymocyte migration, and recent data suggest a combinatorial role for these molecules in this event. For example, thymocyte migration induced by fibronectin plus CXCL12/SDF1-alpha (stromal cell-...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02224-x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TNF is a master proinflammatory cytokine whose pathogenic role in inflammatory disorders has long been attributed to induction of proinflammatory mediators. TNF also activates cell survival and death pathways, and recent studies demonstrated that TNF also causes inflammation by inducing cell death. The default respons...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.06.002
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells, as orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, serve important physiological and potentially therapeutic roles, for example in cancer immunotherapy. T cells are readily isolated from patients; however, the yield of antigen-specific T cells is limited, thus making their clinical use challenging. Therefore, ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and miRNAs, are induced in B cells by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response. They play major roles in regulating somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR), and differentiation to plasma cells or long...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.03.006
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD)1 and NOD2 participate in signaling pathways that detect pathogen-induced processes, such as the presence of peptidoglycan fragments in the host cell cytosol, as danger signals. Recent work suggests that peptidoglycan fragments activate NOD1 indirectly, through ac...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.10.009
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells have an amazing ability to discern and differentially respond to MHC-embedded peptides that can differ by only a single amino acid. This potential involves a combination of the precise ligand-binding specificities of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the distinct intracellular signaling processes it transmits. Sig...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2003.08.003
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte r...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.07.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 contribute to host defense against infection by augmenting antimicrobial properties of phagocytes and initiating Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune responses. Protein complexes called inflammasomes activate intracellular caspase-1 autocatalytically, which cleaves the inactive precursors of I...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2011.01.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune suppression by T(reg) cells must be overcome to mount robust and effective anti-pathogen immune responses. A new paper in Immunity from Medzhitov and colleagues shows that IL-1-dependent activation of MyD88 promotes the development of Th1 cells by rendering them impervious to T(reg) cell-mediated inhibition. ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2014.02.001
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three recent studies provide new insight into the mechanisms that promote the differentiation of antigen-primed T cells into the follicular helper T (Tfh) lineage, revealing a key role for the transcription factor TCF-1 in the regulation of the Bcl6-Blimp-1 axis that mediates the divergence between the Tfh and the Th1...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2015.11.001
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages mount complex responses to pathogens. Although several key signaling pathways have been identified, it remains unclear how they work together to provide specificity. In a recent paper, Gottschalk et al. report that differential dose-response behaviors of the NFκB and MAPK pathways allow dose-specific gene ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.07.003
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK)-cell receptors (NKRs) on CD8+ T cells can modulate antigen-specific T-cell activity but their function and rules that govern their expression remain unclear. Recent work has provided new insight into CD94-NKG2A expression on T cells. Whereas upregulation on the cell surface is induced following T-c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00064-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD45, the leucocyte common antigen, is a haemopoietic cell-specific tyrosine phosphatase. Many isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, but their function remains obscure. The extracellular domain of CD45 is highly polymorphic in all vertebrates. Importantly, human polymorphic variants that alter CD45 isoform e...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation and differentiation of CD8 T cells is a necessary first step that endows these cells with the phenotypic and functional properties required for the control of intracellular pathogens. The induction of the CD8 T cell responses typically results in the development of a massive overall population of effect...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2011.01.004
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MHC class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) is the major regulator of expression of MHC class II genes. Thus, CIITA plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the immune response. Here, we discuss our findings on the dual role of CIITA during infections, as the target (prey) for certain pathogens but the hos...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02003-8
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protease-activated receptors (PARs) belong to a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by serine proteases via proteolytic cleavage. PARs are expressed on epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and leukocytes, indicating a role in controlling barrier function against external danger. During inflammation, microo...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2007.09.001
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionarily, how RAG endonucleases in vertebrate immune systems could shed dangerous transposon-like propensities, and instead, support the organized assembly of antigen receptor variable domains, has been unclear. Recent structural work by Schatz and colleagues (Nature, 2019) identifies features of the RAG endonuc...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.06.007
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
