Abstract：
:This study demonstrates post-mortem autolytic alterations in the skin at cellular and subcellular levels and identifies parameters which may assist in determining the time of death in the first few hours post-mortem. Serial skin samples from the ventral surface of the arm were taken at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after death in 29 subjects of various ages, with no signs of skin disease; causes of death were various. Three types of tests were performed: cytochemical (hematoxylin-eosin and alcian-PAS), immunohistochemical (S-100, CEA, Cytokeratin, ASM) and ultrastructural (electron microscopy). Electron microscopy proved useful for identifying transformations which were found to be specific for each chronological step considered: reduction of intracellular glycogen in clear cells and reduction of secretory granules in dark cells are typical signs of the first stage (3 h) after death; mitochondrial dilatation and rarefaction of cristae in clear and dark cells are typical of the second stage (6 h); rarefaction of microvilli in dark and clear cells is a sign of the last stage (12 h). Cytochemistry and immunohistochemistry supply useful information--not for all the chronological stage considered here, but for individual phases (3 h for hematoxylin-eosin and 6 h for alcian-PAS). However, it is particularly important to use the results from all such techniques simultaneously, so that the question of the exact time of death within the first 12 h post-mortem may be more accurately answered.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Cingolani M,Osculati A,Tombolini A,Tagliabracci A,Ghimenton C,Ferrara SDdoi
10.1007/BF01225600subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
132-40issue
3eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:An accurate and precise documentation of injuries is fundamental in a forensic pathological context. Photographs and manual measurements are taken of all injuries during autopsies, but ordinary photography projects a 3D wound on a 2D space. Using technologies such as photogrammetry, it is possible to create 3D detaile...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1499-9
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Population studies on six short tandem repeat loci, HUMF13A01, HUMFXIIIB, HUMLIPOL, HUMTH01, HUMTPOX and HUMVWFA31 were carried out in a sample of unrelated Japanese individuals (n = 337-545) living in Gifu Prefecture (central region of Japan). Five alleles could be identified for HUMFXIIIB, six for HUMF13A01, HUMLIPO...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01369599
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genetic polymorphisms of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFISTR Sinofiler™ kit were evaluated in 547 healthy unrelated Han individuals from Gansu, China. All of the loci reached the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after the Bonferroni correction (p > 0.0033). These loci were examined to de...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1132-8
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Performance of PowerPlex Fusion 6C kit (PP F6C) was assessed in 374 unrelated individuals belonging to Madhya Pradesh, an Indian state. The study evaluated the forensic parameters for the loci included in PP F6C Multiplex System. The combined discrimination power (CPD) and combined exclusion power (CPE) were 1 and 0.9...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02017-0
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanide (CN) blood concentration is hardly considered during routine when evaluating smoke gas intoxications and fire victims, although some inflammable materials release a considerable amount of hydrogen cyanide. CN can be significant for the capacity to act and can in the end even be the cause of death. Systematic d...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1426-0
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A block of an injury instrument will be left in wounds sometimes, and the suspect instrument can be discriminated by comparison with the block that was left through elemental analysis. In this study, three brands (Shibazi, Zhangxiaoquan, Qiaoxifu) of kitchen knives with forged, chop, and slice application series were ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-013-0829-4
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA profiles from degraded samples often suffer from information loss at the longer short tandem repeat (STR) loci. Sensitising the reactions, either by performing additional PCR cycles or increasing the capillary electrophoresis injection settings, carries the risk of over-amplifying or overloading the shorter fragme...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-012-0816-1
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunohistochemistry is a well-established technique used in many research laboratories as well as in clinical diagnostics. The method allows to visualize the expression of proteins in biological tissues, as well as to evaluate this expression semi-quantitatively. For diagnosis, an optimal staining, based on a straigh...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1575-9
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When blood reaches an extracorporeal surface, a drying process is initiated. Properties of this drying process may be crucial for the correct assessment of case-specific time lapses, however, there is a lack of systematic studies concerning the drying times of blood. We present a study on drying properties of small bl...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-012-0734-2
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Population genetic studies were carried out on randomly selected and unrelated healthy individuals from Sicily (n = 140-150 individuals) using the short tandem repeat (STR) systems HumTH01, HumvWA31, HumFESFPS and HumF13A01. After vertical electrophoresis on polyacrylamide denaturing gels 6 alleles could be identified...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050171
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A nucleotide polymorphism of C or T was detected at position 465 in the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene. To evaluate the utility of this dimorphism in human population studies, the frequency and the frequency of the haplotype combined with the two polymorphic loci YAP and M9 were examined in a total of 130 unrelat...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004149900111
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns indicative of vaginal injury were identified in extracts of a bloodstain on a pair of knickers belonging to a 4-year-old girl. No evidence of semen or saliva was detected in the stain. The result corroborated the clinical findings and provided strong evidence of child sexual ab...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01625173
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment of age at death for identification purposes is a frequent and tough challenge for forensic pathologists and anthropologists. Too frequently, visual assessment of age is performed on well-preserved corpses, a method considered subjective and full of pitfalls, but whose level of inadequacy no one has yet ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1042-9
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bullet velocity is a basic parameter in wound ballistics studies. It is usually measured electronically by means of a variety of solid or photoelectric barriers connected to equipment measuring the time elapsing between impulses, enabling the velocity to be calculated. With the advent of Doppler radar velocity measure...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01247266
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study presents the application of Y-chromosomal STR polymorphisms to male identification in the case of a serial rapist and woman murderer in Poland. Since August 1996 a rapist from Swinoujscie (northwest Poland) committed at least 14 rapes. In the year 2000 he brutally raped 8 young girls and murdered a 22-year-...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-002-0320-0
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paradoxical undressing is a phenomenon characterizing some fatal hypothermia cases. The victims, despite low environmental temperatures, paradoxically remove their clothes due to a sudden feeling of warmth. In this report, we describe a case of suspected paradoxical undressing in a non-hypothermia case. The victim, a ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1597-3
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 32-year-old patient died of a cerebellar haemorrhage and the blood coagulation analysis before death suggested defective synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors due to vitamin K deficiency. The post-mortem toxicological examination of different tissues revealed phenprocoumon poisoning as the cause of death...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01369825
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From sequence database information, we have identified two male-specific and polymorphic tetranucleotide STRs, DYS 441 (GDB:10013873) and DYS 442 (GDB: 10030304), on the Y chromosome. Analysis of 184 males allowed 7 and 5 alleles to be distinguished in the DYS 441 and DYS 442 systems, respectively, yielding 21 haploty...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140100207
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of tracker dogs is the main method of finding hidden bodies, and in their search the dogs use typical scent patterns. "Electronic noses" can also be used to find and compare such patterns. Highly sensitive scent detectors have been successfully applied, e.g. in the examination of foodstuffs, in environmental t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0338-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), its epimer iso-LSD, and its main metabolites nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in blood, urine, and, for the first time, vitreous humor samples. The method is based on liquid/liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mu...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-006-0078-x
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe cold stress has been shown to cause changes in the expression and secretion of thrombomodulin (TM), an endothelial protein regulating haemostasis and inflammation. To further evaluate TM as a cold stress indicator, relative TM mRNA and TM protein levels in the myocardium and the concentrations of TM in serum an...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1138-2
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expert witness opinion based on the comparison of images has been accepted by UK courts as admissible evidence in relation to issues of identity. Within images of the hand are a multiplicity of anatomical features of different aetiology, incidence and distribution patterns and this includes melanocytic nevi, referred ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-013-0821-z
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In sauna-associated deaths, the vitality of heat exposure is of great importance. Two case reports address this. First, we present the case of a 77-year-old man who was found dead in the sauna of his family home. When found, the sauna door was closed, and the sauna indicated a temperature of 78 °C. The body had alread...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-021-02504-3
更新日期：2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is at present based on unknown pathogenetical mechanisms but in industrial nations is the most common cause of death in infancy after the perinatal period. Studies of a large number of adrenal glands in this syndrome have not been reported. Therefore, we evaluated 146 SIDS cases...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/BF01225413
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In forensic science, the unequivocal identification of the cellular origin of crime scene samples used for DNA profiling can provide crucial information for crime scene reconstruction. We have previously shown that various mRNA markers from genes with expression patterns specific for blood and saliva can be establishe...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0249-z
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frontal sinuses are of special interest for personal identification thanks to their high variability. A common procedure for comparing ante-mortem and post-mortem material is based on coding systems classifying frontal sinuses according to their morphological and metrical characteristics. However, the calculation of p...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02293-1
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the immigration case cited by Jeffreys et al. (1985), the biostatistical evaluation of blood group findings in 16 systems and of HLA-A,B findings for the mother and child, using a special kinship algorithm developed by Ihm and Hummel (1975), produced a probability of maternity of the Ghanaian-born putative mother o...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01371238
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Historically, radiographical identification has been done by comparing conventional antemortem and postmortem X-ray images. The advent of new technologies such as multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is making traditional antemortem examination increasingly less frequent. The authors present the results of MSCT study...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-007-0200-8
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have examined the biomechanical basis for backspatter from cranial gunshot wounds. Backspatter is material which travels against the direction of fire following ejection from a gunshot entrance wound. Our paper focuses on the use of animals for reconstructing this phenomenon. Five live pigs and several sla...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-015-1219-x
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The analysis of a mixed biological stain by means of highly polymorphic VNTR systems usually reveals a profile composed of multiple alleles. If the victim and one or several suspects match the profile the evidential strength of the matches has to be very carefully analysed. The appropriate methods for the statistical ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050019
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
