Abstract:
:The assessment of age at death for identification purposes is a frequent and tough challenge for forensic pathologists and anthropologists. Too frequently, visual assessment of age is performed on well-preserved corpses, a method considered subjective and full of pitfalls, but whose level of inadequacy no one has yet tested or proven. This study consisted in the visual estimation of the age of 100 cadavers performed by a total of 37 observers among those usually attending the dissection room. Cadavers were of Caucasian ethnicity, well preserved, belonging to individuals who died of natural death. All the evaluations were performed prior to autopsy. Observers assessed the age with ranges of 5 and 10 years, indicating also the body part they mainly observed for each case. Globally, the 5-year range had an accuracy of 35%, increasing to 69% with the 10-year range. The highest accuracy was in the 31-60 age category (74.7% with the 10-year range), and the skin seemed to be the most reliable age parameter (71.5% of accuracy when observed), while the face was considered most frequently, in 92.4% of cases. A simple formula with the general "mean of averages" in the range given by the observers and related standard deviations was then developed; the average values with standard deviations of 4.62 lead to age estimation with ranges of some 20 years that seem to be fairly reliable and suitable, sometimes in alignment with classic anthropological methods, in the age estimation of well-preserved corpses.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Amadasi A,Merusi N,Cattaneo Cdoi
10.1007/s00414-014-1042-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-07-01 00:00:00pages
913-8issue
4eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596journal_volume
129pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Reports on penetrating ballistic head injuries in the literature are dominated by case studies of suicides; the penetrating ammunition usually being .22 rimfire or shotgun. The dominating cause of injuries in modern warfare is fragmentation and hence, this is the primary threat that military helmets protect the brain ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1073-2
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining the time of injury is an important but still a challenging task in forensic anthropology. In literature, many descriptions can be found to make a distinction between perimortem and postmortem fractures. Characteristics that are more related to fractures in fresh conditions, however, are not extensively inv...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1514-1
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequencies for four short tandem repeat loci were determined in a population sample from Catalonia (NE Spain). After denaturing PAGE electrophoresis, 8 alleles were identified for D3S1358 (n=201), 10 alleles for D8S1179 (n=198), 13 alleles for D18S51 (n=197) and 11 alleles for D19S253 (n=201). No deviation fro...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050205
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro experiments on the interaction of 3H-cocaine and melanin from Sepia officinalis confirmed the existence of drug binding sites on melanin granules. The results suggested that the binding of 3H-cocaine to melanin could be analyzed by assuming that the binding to the surface of pigment granules is analogous ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050031
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fingertip microflora is transferred to touched objects and may provide forensically relevant information on individual hosts, such as on geographic origins, if endogenous microbial skin species/strains would be retrievable from physical fingerprints and would carry geographically restricted DNA diversity. We tes...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0352-9
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABO blood grouping of human bloodstains was performed by a sandwich ELISA using a species-specific monoclonal antibody to the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of human red cell membrane band 3. In a blind trial, all A, B and O bloodstains (a 1 cm long thread) and AB bloodstains (a 1.5 cm long thread) were accurately ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01642795
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population study in a sample of 211 unrelated individuals from 2 cities in North and Central Italy was carried out to investigate the short tandem repeat (STR) system HUMVWA31. Separation of PCR- amplified DNA fragments was performed by high-resolution horizontal denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01428399
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of the myeloperoxidase activity was used to quantify the acute granulocyte reaction. A 35% loss of blood resulted in a clear decrease of the myeloperoxidase activity at the edges of experimental incision wounds in rat skin in the first day after inflicting the wounds. After 12 h only about one-third an...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050101
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the effects that different summary statistics (minimum, median, mean, or maximum), temporal sampling resolutions (duration between sampling events), and sample sizes (number of individuals sampled per sampling event) had on the accuracy and precision of the regression coefficients of a typical ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-008-0243-5
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brazilian population derives from Native Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans. Southeastern Brazil is the most populous region of the country. The present study intended to characterize the maternal genetic ancestry of 290 individuals from southeastern (Brazil) population. Thus, we made the sequencing of the three hyp...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1023-z
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medico-legal experts are increasingly enlisted to assess the methamphetamine and amphetamine serum concentrations after a criminal offense. However, since criminal users rarely provide useful information to medico-legal experts regarding the substances abused, when the substance(s) was/were used, dose of ingestion too...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1607-5
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of ABH related antigens in human male reproductive tract was examined using monoclonal antibodies and an avidin biotin complex method. No positive reaction with blood group antibodies on spermatozoa was observed in testis and ductus epididymidis apart from erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The expre...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02340827
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finding spermatozoa is of the utmost importance in judicial cases involving both the living and the dead; however, most of literature actually deals with inner genitalia and does not take into consideration the chance of external deposition of semen on skin, which is not rare. In addition, the most advanced microscopi...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0817-8
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies show that ethyl glucuronide (EtG) can be decomposed by bacteria; whilst so far no degradation of ethyl sulphate (EtS) has been observed. In the present study, in vitro experiments with bacterial colonies were performed. Bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium sordellii) were isola...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-008-0229-3
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single gunshot (or multiple) does (do) not necessarily lead to immediate loss of consciousness or rapid neurological deficits, so the victim may be able to repeatedly pull the trigger before achieving the lethal effect. Despite multiple gunshot wounds can lead to the suspicious participation of other person to the d...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02085-2
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paradoxical undressing is a phenomenon characterizing some fatal hypothermia cases. The victims, despite low environmental temperatures, paradoxically remove their clothes due to a sudden feeling of warmth. In this report, we describe a case of suspected paradoxical undressing in a non-hypothermia case. The victim, a ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1597-3
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of phenethylamines in the dance scene is now well established. Apart from amphetamine, the commonest phenethylamine encountered in clinical and forensic settings is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) commonly known as ecstasy. Other phenethylamines, which have similar effects are encountered, such as 3,4...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050291
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequencies at the short tandem repeat (STR) loci HumACTBP2 and HumVWA were determined in 118 unrelated individuals from Northern Italy (Milan area). For locus HumACTBP2 (SE33) a total of 39 alleles was observed. Furthermore, two interalleles (N18m+N19m) and one allele (> N35) were found which were not observed...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050090
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gabapentin (GBP) (Neurontin®, Horizant®, Gralise®) is a widely prescribed medication used primarily for the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. GBP has a favorable adverse effect profile in therapeutic dosing with the most common reported effects being dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, weight gain, and periphera...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-015-1193-3
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a single case report illustrating the diagnostic role of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in the investigation of suspicious child death where mechanical asphyxia is suspected. The case illustrates how radiological findings that may not be observable on conventional plain X-ray were identified by post...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0438-4
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is difficult to carry out toxicological investigations in biological samples collected from extensively decomposed bodies and to interpret obtained results as several pitfalls should be considered: redistribution phenomena, degradation of xenobiotics during the postmortem period, contamination by putrefaction fluid...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02267-3
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood, saliva, and semen are some of the forensically most relevant biological stains commonly found at crime scenes, which can often be of small size or challenging due to advanced decay. In this context, it is of great importance to possess reliable knowledge about the effects of degradation under different environm...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1373-9
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns indicative of vaginal injury were identified in extracts of a bloodstain on a pair of knickers belonging to a 4-year-old girl. No evidence of semen or saliva was detected in the stain. The result corroborated the clinical findings and provided strong evidence of child sexual ab...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01625173
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the development of a 13-locus multiplex-PCR system fitting the updated demands for paternity testing in Germany is described. For this purpose an existing multiplex PCR system that allows the simultaneous amplification of eight different STR loci together with the sex-specific locus amelogenin ( genRESMP...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-003-0420-5
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many forensic cases, the existence of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an essential factor, and the determination of the survival time is nearly as important as the determination of whether or not a trauma exists. Since it is known that glucose uptake increases in injured brain cells in order to perpetuate the neu...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1893-6
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic diversity indices and forensic parameters at 20 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci were evaluated in 541 unrelated individuals of north-western Indian state Rajasthan. In total, 243 alleles were observed with an average of 12.15 alleles per locus. The most polymorphic and discriminative locus was Penta E...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02330-z
更新日期:2020-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::To increase the reliability of forensic age estimations in living adolescents and young adults where there is no legitimation for X-ray examinations, it would be desirable to establish radiation-free imaging methods. In the present study, the ossification stage of the distal femoral epiphysis was determined retrospect...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-0967-3
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The allele frequencies of DYS19 and DYS390 located on the Y chromosomes were determined from male bloodstain samples of 308 (DYS19) and 268 (DYS390) unrelated male adults in south-east Hungary. Six alleles could be distinguished in both systems, yielding 22 DYS19/DYS390 halotypes in a subset of 239 males. ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050236
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A medicolegal/algological collaboration lasting several years aimed at developing methods for dealing with dead bodies found in water where the circumstances are not clear, has led to an interdisciplinary procedure. To enable algological analysis, sample preservation and preparation must be free from contamination or ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s004149900122
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most standard procedures for extracting DNA from forensic substrates involve manipulations that expose the sample to potential contamination and which reduce yields. Furthermore, most methods require centrifugation and/or solvent extraction steps that render them difficult to automate. We describe a simple closed-tube...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-003-0400-9
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00