Abstract：
:Few studies have examined the biomechanical basis for backspatter from cranial gunshot wounds. Backspatter is material which travels against the direction of fire following ejection from a gunshot entrance wound. Our paper focuses on the use of animals for reconstructing this phenomenon. Five live pigs and several slaughtered pigs were shot using either 9 × 19 mm, 115 grain, full metal jacketed ammunition or .22 long rifle, 40 grain, lead, round-nose ammunition. A high-speed camera was used to record the entrance wound formation and backspatter. A small amount of backspattered material was produced with all targets, and blood backspatter was seen in a few cases. However, we conclude that our model provides an understanding of the phenomenon of backspatter and the physical mechanisms associated with it. The various components of the mechanism of backspatter formation are complex and overlap. The principle mechanism observed in pig cranial gunshots was the high-speed impact response of the skin overlying the skull bone. This study has also produced evidence supporting the view that backspatter can result from the splashing of superficial blood if it is already present on the skin. Subcutaneous gas effects have been demonstrated for backspatter from contact shots. There has been no clear evidence of the role of the collapse of a temporary cavity within the brain.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Radford GE,Taylor MC,Kieser JA,Waddell JN,Walsh KAJ,Schofield JC,Das R,Chakravorty Edoi
10.1007/s00414-015-1219-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
985-994issue
4eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596pii
10.1007/s00414-015-1219-xjournal_volume
130pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIM:To determine the frequency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-related injuries and factors involved in their occurrence, data based on forensic autopsy and postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) during implementation of the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR were studied. METHODS:We retrospectiv...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1673-8
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01225497
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Backspatter is the ejection of biological material from a gunshot entrance wound against the line of fire. This phenomenon was investigated experimentally in transverse gunshots to the heads of calves (n = 9) using two types of 9 mm Parabellum ammunition from shooting distances of 0-10 cm. The resulting bloodstains we...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01355519
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01816481
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02017-0
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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doi：10.1007/s00414-014-1049-2
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01369714
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140000158
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-005-0025-2
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-021-02504-3
更新日期：2021-01-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-015-1259-2
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050063
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a target for public health care in Germany. The aim of this study was to monitor data on risk-related behavior in the population of Hamburg, Germany, in order to respond to changes quickly and to estimate the effectiveness of prevention activities. Data have been gathered using t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01428399
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140100225
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0268-9
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Military rifle bullets are assumed to tumble 180 degrees in the target and end up facing backwards, but intact. It has been claimed, however, that a German version of the 7.62 mm x 51 (7.62 mm NATO) bullet may fragment at ranges up to 100 m. A lack of strength in the jacket, causing it to break at the cannelure when h...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01369906
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid hormones are sometimes used for purposes for which they are not approved. Reasons for off-label use can be overweight, prevailing depressive mood, or various somatic symptoms. Information about the intake of thyroid hormones in order to lose weight can be easily obtained from inappropriate/nonmedical websites....
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-010-0423-y
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accuracy of forensic age estimation based on the chronology of second (M2) and third molar (M3) development was investigated using 2,087 orthopantomograms of Korean men and women aged between 3 and 23 years. The developmental stages of M2s and M3s in these subjects were classified using the criteria of Demirjian. ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-010-0513-x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02155-5
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-003-0365-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-012-0811-6
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the interpretation of the concentration of morphine in blood samples of heroin consumers information about the concentration of the analgesic active morphine metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide is very important. Thus a simple but specific clean-up procedure based on immuno-affinity chromatography is presented for t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050073
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
