Abstract：
:Backspatter is the ejection of biological material from a gunshot entrance wound against the line of fire. This phenomenon was investigated experimentally in transverse gunshots to the heads of calves (n = 9) using two types of 9 mm Parabellum ammunition from shooting distances of 0-10 cm. The resulting bloodstains were documented on white paper placed horizontally 60 cm below the impact site. In this report the analysis was restricted to stains with a diameter > 0.5 mm. Backspatter was documented after every gunshot. The number of stains varied from 31-324 per gunshot and appeared to be independent of the shooting distance. The maximum distance droplets travelled varied from 72-119 cm. The majority of droplets accumulated between 0 and 50 cm. The number of droplets and the distances travelled should be higher in man for anatomical reasons. The direction a single droplet can take comprises every possible angle between the most tangential ones to the skin surface. This resulted in a semi-circle of 180 degrees covered with stains. Skin ruptures of the entrance wound were not observed. The succession of events was documented on high speed film and started with the recoil of the firearm, immediately followed by a blow-out effect of the skin. Large droplets exited approximately 0.7-4 ms after the bullet impacted the skin. The calculated minimum initial velocity of these droplets was 13-61 m/s. Backspatter from gunshots to the head likely is caused by the hot gases expanding subcutaneously and by cavitation-related intracranial overpressure and tail splashing. In three out of nine gunshots, secondary backspatter additionally occurred as a result of droplets produced by a stream of blood from the entrance wound impacting the paper surface.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Karger B,Nüsse R,Schroeder G,Wüstenbecker S,Brinkmann Bdoi
10.1007/BF01355519subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
66-74issue
2eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In sauna-associated deaths, the vitality of heat exposure is of great importance. Two case reports address this. First, we present the case of a 77-year-old man who was found dead in the sauna of his family home. When found, the sauna door was closed, and the sauna indicated a temperature of 78 °C. The body had alread...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-021-02504-3
更新日期：2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A multiplex PCR was designed for the loci D2S1338, D16S539, D18S51, TH01 and FGA using redesigned primers in order to reduce the lengths of the amplification products compared to the designs used in commercially available multiplex PCR kits, also including amelogenin. The new PCR primers were used to amplify highly de...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-005-0013-6
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid hormones are sometimes used for purposes for which they are not approved. Reasons for off-label use can be overweight, prevailing depressive mood, or various somatic symptoms. Information about the intake of thyroid hormones in order to lose weight can be easily obtained from inappropriate/nonmedical websites....
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-010-0423-y
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analyzed 11 Y-STR loci (DYS19, the two DYS385 loci, DYS388, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DXYS156Y) in 700 males from ten ethnic groups in east Asia in order to evaluate their usefulness for forensic and population genetic studies. A total of 644 different haplotypes were identified, among which ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-004-0518-4
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A medicolegal/algological collaboration lasting several years aimed at developing methods for dealing with dead bodies found in water where the circumstances are not clear, has led to an interdisciplinary procedure. To enable algological analysis, sample preservation and preparation must be free from contamination or ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s004149900122
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single gunshot (or multiple) does (do) not necessarily lead to immediate loss of consciousness or rapid neurological deficits, so the victim may be able to repeatedly pull the trigger before achieving the lethal effect. Despite multiple gunshot wounds can lead to the suspicious participation of other person to the d...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02085-2
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0285-8
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Results section. The correct equation from the cubic regression analysis for male is: Age = 14.408 + 0.475X-0.064X2 + 0.005X3, and for the female is: 18.196-1.637X + 0.204X2-0.005X3. The error doesn't affect the main conclusion. ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1751-y
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is rarely reported and most reports are of aortic rupture. Clinical reports have also documented aortic dissection and intramural hematomas with sequential imaging showing the development of these aortic injuries after the administr...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1377-5
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to European regulations and the legislations of individual member states, children who seek asylum have a different set of rights than adults in a similar position. To protect these rights and ensure rule of law, migration authorities are commonly required to assess the age of asylum seekers who lack reliabl...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1730-3
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-015-1209-z
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Japan and elsewhere, ABO genotyping is frequently used in forensic practice for identification of a decomposed body. However, the phenotype deduced from the genotyping data is occasionally inconsistent with the real phenotype. In this paper, we report a simple ABO genotyping method in which five single nucleotide p...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-006-0148-0
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A publically available database of the most highly cited scientists in all disciplines was used to identify people that belonged to the subject category "forensic science and legal medicine." This bibliometric information was derived from Elsevier's SCOPUS database containing eight million scientists with at least fiv...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02491-x
更新日期：2021-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The annual number of detainees held in police custody in France is approximately 700,000. Medical data regarding arrestees are scarce across countries. We present the medical characteristics of detainees kept in police custody, including addictive behaviours and high-risk medical situations. M...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-014-0990-4
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When preparing forensic age estimates for living subjects over 18 years of age, it is crucial to evaluate the stage of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis. The establishment of radiation-free imaging techniques for assessment of clavicular ossification would be desirable in order to reduce the radiation ex...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-007-0220-4
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The localization of ABH related antigens in human male reproductive tract was examined using monoclonal antibodies and an avidin biotin complex method. No positive reaction with blood group antibodies on spermatozoa was observed in testis and ductus epididymidis apart from erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The expre...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02340827
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the correlation between the level of D-aspartic acid in dentin and the period of dentin formation in different types of teeth from the same individual. Except for the third molar, it is generally agreed that the formation of permanent dentin follows the pattern of growth, occurring earliest in the firs...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-003-0365-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-010-0498-5
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01428399
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the radiographic visibility of root pulp in mandibular third molars has been suggested as an alternative method for estimation of legal age threshold in living individuals when the root apices are mature. Here, we assessed the accuracy of this method for age thresholds of 18 and 21 years. A sample of 463...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-004-0452-5
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of online software designed for genetic studies has been exponentially growing, providing numerous benefits to the scientific community. However, they should be used with care, since some require adjustments. The efficiency of two programs for haplogroup prediction was tested with 119 samples of known ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0404-1
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most standard procedures for extracting DNA from forensic substrates involve manipulations that expose the sample to potential contamination and which reduce yields. Furthermore, most methods require centrifugation and/or solvent extraction steps that render them difficult to automate. We describe a simple closed-tube...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-003-0400-9
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140050161
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-004-0506-8
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0308-5
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1694-3
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organophosphorus insecticides, such as parathion-ethyl, quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos or diazinon, are still widely used for pest control on crops. These compounds are extremely toxic to humans, and, even though specific legislation exists that controls the use of these substances, the frequency of toxic a...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02119-9
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The level of exposure or concealment of a cadaver is known to have an important impact on insect colonisation and decomposition but has been the subject of few investigations. In the present study, 30 pig carcasses were stored in three different types of containers (suitcases, trashcans and drums) with different level...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type：
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02089-y
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
