Abstract：
:We present a case of fatal intoxication by the application of a transdermal fentanyl patch upon a superficial bleeding abrasion of a 2-year-old girl. The grandmother discovered the body of the child in bed at approximately 7 a.m. External examination revealed a properly developed, nourished, and hydrated child, with some vomit in the nostrils and inside the mouth. There was no evidence of trauma besides small contusions and abrasions on the knees, with a patch placed over the largest abrasion. Closer inspection revealed that this was transdermal fentanyl patch. Internal examination and microscopic analysis revealed regurgitation of stomach content, cerebral and pulmonary edema, and liver congestion. Toxicology analysis revealed trace levels of fentanyl in the blood just above the limit of detection (2 ng/mL), while concentrations in the urine, liver, and kidney were approximately 102, 28, and 10 ng/mL, respectively. Investigation discovered that the child injured her knee while playing the evening before. The grandmother applied the patch to cover the injury, unaware that she had used a fentanyl transdermal patch instead of simple band-aid. Although fatal intoxications are uncommon among young children in high-income countries, it is of major interest to raise awareness of such events especially since a great majority of these are preventable. The presented case points at the need for more thorough education of users and more strict rules in prescribing and handling of this potent medicine. As well, we find this case to be a useful contribution to the evaluation of postmortem fentanyl concentrations in fatal intoxication in a small child.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Bakovic M,Nestic M,Mayer Ddoi
10.1007/s00414-015-1209-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
1247-52issue
6eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596pii
10.1007/s00414-015-1209-zjournal_volume
129pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The measurement of mast cell tryptase is commonly used to support the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. In the post-mortem setting, the literature recommends sampling from peripheral blood sources (femoral blood) but does not specify the exact sampling technique. Sampling techniques vary between pathologists, and it...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1738-8
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stabbing with a kitchen knife is a common method of homicide in Europe. Serrated knives may leave tool markings (striations) in tissues. Documentation of striations is necessary for their use as forensic evidence. Traditional methods (physical casting and photography) have significant limitations, and micro-computed t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1715-2
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitragyna speciosa (Rubiaceae), commonly known as kratom, is a tropical tree with a long history of traditional use in parts of Africa and Southeast Asia. In recent years, kratom has gained popularity for use as a recreational drug across the globe. Relatively new to the illicit market and used in a manner different f...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00414-015-1279-y
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Determining the time of injury is an important but still a challenging task in forensic anthropology. In literature, many descriptions can be found to make a distinction between perimortem and postmortem fractures. Characteristics that are more related to fractures in fresh conditions, however, are not extensively inv...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1514-1
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Qualitative information on the sequence composition of the allele and locus structure of the X-STRs DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS6789, GATA31E08, and GATA172D05 was generated in this study. Sequence data were obtained from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and diverse human population groups including Africans, Caucasians, Asians...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0303-x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is commonly accepted that crime scene recovery and recording are key moments of any judicial inspection in which investigators must decide on the correct strategies to put into place. Complex outdoor scenarios, presenting partially or entirely skeletonised remains, can benefit more than others by the intervention o...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02456-0
更新日期：2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of tracker dogs is the main method of finding hidden bodies, and in their search the dogs use typical scent patterns. "Electronic noses" can also be used to find and compare such patterns. Highly sensitive scent detectors have been successfully applied, e.g. in the examination of foodstuffs, in environmental t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0338-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Backspatter is the ejection of biological material from a gunshot entrance wound against the line of fire. This phenomenon was investigated experimentally in transverse gunshots to the heads of calves (n = 9) using two types of 9 mm Parabellum ammunition from shooting distances of 0-10 cm. The resulting bloodstains we...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01355519
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alleles of the STR systems HumFES/FPS, HumVWA and HumD21S11 were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence data revealed 3 different systems concerning the complexity of their sequence structure. HumFES/FPS belongs to the STR polymorphism with a simple repeat structure. Only 2 subtypes were found with a base substitution in th...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01224779
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Article 25 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (adopted in Nice on 7 December 2000) recognizes and respects the rights of older people to lead a life of dignity and independence and to participate in social and cultural life. It also highlights the importance of prevention and recognition of eld...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1880-y
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The allelic frequency distributions and statistical forensic parameters of 26 mini short tandem repeat (mini-STR) loci in a sample of 1575 unrelated individuals from five different Brazilian regions were obtained. All the analyzed loci showed great diversity and were highly informative. The results were compared with ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1777-9
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the cause of death in myocardial ion channel diseases (MICD)-induced sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases is a difficulty in forensic identification practices. The majority of MICD-induced SCD cases would experience lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia (LVTA) before deaths; thus, confirming the occurrence of LV...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1710-7
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sudden infant death syndrome is the unexpected demise of a child younger than 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy investigation. Usually, it occurs during sleep, in males, and during the first 12 weeks of life. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the death is unknown, and the letha...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1330-7
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paradoxical undressing is a phenomenon characterizing some fatal hypothermia cases. The victims, despite low environmental temperatures, paradoxically remove their clothes due to a sudden feeling of warmth. In this report, we describe a case of suspected paradoxical undressing in a non-hypothermia case. The victim, a ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-017-1597-3
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene expression analyses based on messenger RNA (mRNA) profiling require accurate data normalisation. When using endogenous reference genes, these have to be validated carefully. Therefore, we examined the transcript stability of 10 potential reference genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction: beta...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-010-0433-9
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crania are a reliable source for sex estimation in Euro-Americans, Europeans, and most other populations. Besides morphological assessments, the application of Fordisc® has become a useful tool within the last two decades, creating discriminant functions from morphometric data. Unfortunately, until now, white populati...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-016-1469-2
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Speckle interferometry is a non-destructive measurement technique using a laser. The principles of the method are described. Human hyoid bones (n = 10) were investigated. Loads were applied to individual points on the anterior surface of the body of hyoid bones. All hyoid bones showed an asymmetric displacement. The d...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01225233
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histological staining technique using rhodizonate is also effective for the determination of the firing distance by examining the distribution and intensity of the staining reaction. The differentiation between absolute close-range shots and long-range shots is generally possible without any doubt. The method is n...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140100220
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-018-1899-0
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-019-02128-8
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0229-3
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-008-0225-7
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multiplex PCR was designed for the loci D2S1338, D16S539, D18S51, TH01 and FGA using redesigned primers in order to reduce the lengths of the amplification products compared to the designs used in commercially available multiplex PCR kits, also including amelogenin. The new PCR primers were used to amplify highly de...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-005-0013-6
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The forensic application of mtDNA typing requires large databases which are regionally well defined. To further this aim, we have typed mtDNA in a sample of 111 French and 106 Sicilians. The French were typed for both hypervariable segments (HVR1 and HVR2) of the mtDNA control region, whereas the Sicilians were only t...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004140000169
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether an individual has reached the age of 18 is of crucial importance in forensic age estimation practice. In some countries, the age threshold of 21 years is relevant as well. A completed mineralization of third molars is not a sufficient criterion for a diagnosis of a minimum age of 18 years with ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0415-y
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The semi-quantitative analysis of decomposed bone of rats exposed to colchicine and euthanized following different time intervals postexposure (i.e., dose-death interval, DDI) is described. Rats received colchicine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and were euthanized 30 min (DDI1; n = 4), 60 min (DDI2; n = 4), or 180 min (DDI3; n = 4...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-015-1196-0
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accuracy of most age determination methods in adults is unsatisfactory and therefore more precise methods are required. Teeth provide several useful points about an individuals age. With advancing age secondary dentine is deposited along the wall of the dental pulp chamber leading to a reduction in the size of the...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-004-0492-x
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shotguns are usually used to fire multiple pellets, but they are capable of firing single projectiles. Shotgun slug injuries are rare, severe, and fully comparable to those inflicted by high-velocity projectiles. A case of gunshot suicide of a 59-year-old man with a shotgun loaded with shotgun slugs is presented. The ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-009-0325-z
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expert witness opinion based on the comparison of images has been accepted by UK courts as admissible evidence in relation to issues of identity. Within images of the hand are a multiplicity of anatomical features of different aetiology, incidence and distribution patterns and this includes melanocytic nevi, referred ...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-013-0821-z
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this casuistry, two accidents from Germany and Switzerland are presented that happened during the shot of recoilless anti-tank weapons. In both cases, the injuries led to the death of two soldiers: A 22-year-old soldier in Germany was struck by the counter mass of a so-called Davis gun which had been fired by a com...
journal_title：International journal of legal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00414-020-02301-4
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
