Abstract:
:When blood reaches an extracorporeal surface, a drying process is initiated. Properties of this drying process may be crucial for the correct assessment of case-specific time lapses, however, there is a lack of systematic studies concerning the drying times of blood. We present a study on drying properties of small blood droplets with a standardized size of 25 μl (resembling droplets originating from pointed and sharp objects, e.g. the tip of a knife) under different environmental conditions to elucidate the effect of different ambient temperatures, indoor surfaces and anticoagulant treatment. As a rule of thumb, wiping a typical small blood droplet will not lead to a macroscopically visible smear after a time period of approximately 60 min (time(min) = 45 min; time(max) = 75 min) at an average room temperature of 20 °C. Alteration of the ambient temperature has a remarkable effect, as the time needed for the drying process leading to wipe resistance of the droplets decreases to 30 min (time(min)) at an ambient temperature of 24 °C, and is prolonged up to >120 min (time(max)) at an ambient temperature of 15 °C. As for the surface materials in our study, significant differences in drying periods were only found between wood and linoleum (80th percentile 45 vs. 75 min). Treatment with anticoagulants did not influence extracorporeal drying times. In synopsis, the present study shows that ambient temperature is a major determinant of the drying process of blood droplets and should always be documented accurately and continuously on a crime scene. In certain situations, an estimation of the time elapsed since bloodstain origination may be of importance to answer questions related to the time course of actions. However, further systematic studies are needed to clarify the effect of other properties such as droplet size, humidity, or evaporation.
journal_name
Int J Legal Medjournal_title
International journal of legal medicineauthors
Ramsthaler F,Schmidt P,Bux R,Potente S,Kaiser C,Kettner Mdoi
10.1007/s00414-012-0734-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
739-46issue
5eissn
0937-9827issn
1437-1596journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A total of 17 Y-specific STR loci were studied in 12 districts of the European part of Russia aiming to ascertain the amount of substructure required for the construction of a representative regional database. All groups exhibited high haplotype diversities but low inter-population variance as measured by an analysis ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-007-0222-2
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recovery of DNA from teeth is usually associated with the destruction of the evidential tooth using, for instance a special grinding mill. In some cases, however, a minimal invasive method of DNA retrieval with a high recovery is required particularly when historical material has to be investigated. A tooth attrib...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-002-0336-5
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was performed on the detection, separation and quantification of isomers from the new designer drugs named fluoroamphetamines (FAs) in forensic cases in eastern Denmark. The drugs were detected in whole blood extracts by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-TOF-MS)...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0671-0
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unique case of a 50-year-old known alcoholic whose corpse was exhumed 27 years after death is reported. The man apparently committed suicide by hanging, but many years later the case was questioned and homicide-linked to a long-lasting serial killer case-was suspected. Thus, the corpse was exhumed, and at the auto...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-008-0273-z
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 28-year-old man was shot in the back of the head at close range by a robber who then locked him in a room assuming that he was dead. The man was discovered 2 days later. The entrance wound of the bullet was in the left occipital region and it passed into the periphery of the right temporal lobe, where it lodged. The...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004149900120
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene, is a drug transporter at the blood-brain barrier. Several polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene are known to affect the activity and/or expression of P-gp, thereby influencing the treatment response and toxicity of P-gp substrates like citalopram and venlafaxine. In thi...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0849-0
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The yaw angle in flight of high velocity bullets has been discussed for a number of years, due to its contribution to the tumbling of the bullet in the target. Since few unclassified reports of contemporary bullets are available, we investigated the yaw angles of the bullets used in the M16A2, G3, AK-47 and AK-74 rifl...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01225601
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of species of the forensically important genus Sarcophaga is very difficult and requires strong taxonomic expertise. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of 126 specimens of 56 W European Sarcophaga species and added GenBank data to our database to ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0767-6
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormones are sometimes used for purposes for which they are not approved. Reasons for off-label use can be overweight, prevailing depressive mood, or various somatic symptoms. Information about the intake of thyroid hormones in order to lose weight can be easily obtained from inappropriate/nonmedical websites....
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0423-y
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short tandem repeats (STRs) are DNA regions with a variable number of repeated units (2-6 bp) and attractive to genetic application like forensic, population genetics, and anthropological studies. The Huaxia Platinum System allows the multiplex amplification of 23 autosomal STR loci and two gender determination loci. ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1679-2
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cooperation with the Crime Investigation Agency (Landeskriminalamt) of North Rhine-Westphalia, we carried out a study of 150 cases of (suspected) neonaticide dating from 1993 to 2007 from all over Germany. The autopsy reports and additional expert opinions (if performed) were evaluated for a minimum of 78 variables...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0841-8
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The craniofacial superimposition technique is still an important way of identifying skulls when there is no reference sample for a forensic DNA analysis, when DNA typing from remaining tissue samples has failed, or when antemortem dental records are not available. Through the widespread use of digital photography, the...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0494-9
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sequences of the hypervariable region 1 (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA control region from multiple hair shafts from 10 unrelated individuals were compared to determine the frequency of differences in hairs from one individual. The extraction method described herein showed an average success rate of 67% for all 15...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050226
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic polymorphisms of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFISTR Sinofiler™ kit were evaluated in 547 healthy unrelated Han individuals from Gansu, China. All of the loci reached the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after the Bonferroni correction (p > 0.0033). These loci were examined to de...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1132-8
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) can essentially contribute to innate and adaptive immune system in various organs. A double-color immunofluorescence analysis was carried out with anti-CD11c and -HLA-DRα antibodies to detect DCs in 53 skin wounds (their postinfliction intervals: group I, 0-3 days; group II, 4-7 days; group III, ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02185-z
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the development of a species testing system based on the diversity of nucleotide sequences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among species. Five species, human, cow, pig, dog, and cat, were considered. The partial nucleotide sequences in 16S ribosomal RNA coding region were chosen as the target for di...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-006-0127-5
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expert witness opinion based on the comparison of images has been accepted by UK courts as admissible evidence in relation to issues of identity. Within images of the hand are a multiplicity of anatomical features of different aetiology, incidence and distribution patterns and this includes melanocytic nevi, referred ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0821-z
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population study in a sample of 211 unrelated individuals from 2 cities in North and Central Italy was carried out to investigate the short tandem repeat (STR) system HUMVWA31. Separation of PCR- amplified DNA fragments was performed by high-resolution horizontal denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01428399
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a forensic DNA sample cannot be associated directly with a previously genotyped reference sample by standard short tandem repeat profiling, the investigation required for identifying perpetrators, victims, or missing persons can be both costly and time consuming. Here, we describe the outcome of a collaborative s...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0788-1
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, a total of 191 cases with STR exclusions out of 591 paternity cases were analysed using 2 STR sets, i.e. (set a) 5 STRs in 462 cases with 150 exclusions and (set b) 9 STRs in 129 cases with 41 exclusions. Set (a) was associated with four exclusions on average while set (b) showed five exclusionary loci ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140000174
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inferring an unknown DNA's ancestry using a set of ancestry-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in forensic science is useful to provide investigative leads. This is especially true when there is no DNA database match or specified suspect. Thus, a set of SNPs with highly robust and balanced differential...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1863-z
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better characterize the morphologic changes in electrocution, morphologic changes in the hearts of 21 subjects, who died instantaneously of electrocution, were compared to the hearts of decedents with different types of death. Sixteen myocardial samples per heart were processed for histological examination, and sec...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-005-0011-8
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species identification from hair has been performed in the past by several techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Despite the great promise of mass spectrometry herein, the repetitive glycine stretches and the evolutionary conserved sequences of keratins make the results from c...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1008-y
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fingertip microflora is transferred to touched objects and may provide forensically relevant information on individual hosts, such as on geographic origins, if endogenous microbial skin species/strains would be retrievable from physical fingerprints and would carry geographically restricted DNA diversity. We tes...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0352-9
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A block of an injury instrument will be left in wounds sometimes, and the suspect instrument can be discriminated by comparison with the block that was left through elemental analysis. In this study, three brands (Shibazi, Zhangxiaoquan, Qiaoxifu) of kitchen knives with forged, chop, and slice application series were ...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0829-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Qualitative information on the sequence composition of the allele and locus structure of the X-STRs DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS6789, GATA31E08, and GATA172D05 was generated in this study. Sequence data were obtained from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and diverse human population groups including Africans, Caucasians, Asians...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-008-0303-x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A short tandem repeat at the D1S1656 locus was sequenced in 45 selected alleles and 13 different alleles were found which were designated according to the total number of repeats. This STR is a compound hypervariable STR consisting of blocks of (TAGR) repeats with a basic sequence structure (TAGA)4(TGA)0-1(TAGA)6-16(T...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004140050161
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex estimation is a task of utmost importance in forensic anthropology and bioarcheology. Along with the pelvic bone, the skull is the most important source of sexual dimorphism. On the human skull, the upper third of the face (i.e., the frontal bone) is one of the most significant sexually dimorphic structures useful...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02063-8
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood species identification is an important challenge in forensic science. Conventional methods used for blood species analysis are destructive and associated with time-consuming sample preparation steps. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is known for its nondestructive properties and fast results. This r...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1500-7
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In clinical and forensic practice, fatal thromboembolism is a major problem, particularly in a patient with no pre-existing risk factors. Out of a recent case, we discuss here the criteria for age determination of venous thrombi in a 46-year-old female with concomitant deep vein thrombosis in the common femoral left v...
journal_title:International journal of legal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1705-4
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00