Nutritional screening; control of clinical undernutrition with analytical parameters.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To update the system for nutritional screening. The high prevalence of nutritional unstability that causes the Clinical Undernutrition (CU), especially within the hospitals and assisted residencies, makes it necessary to use screening tools for the constant control of undernutrition to combat it during its development. CU is not so much due to a nutritional deficiency but to the illness and its treatments. However, the screening systems currently used are aimed at detecting an already established undernutrition rather than at detecting any nutritional risk that may be present. The metabolic changes of the nutritional status that have a trophopathic effect, can be easily and automatically detected in plasma, which allows to make the necessary changes in treatments that might be too aggressive, as well as to apply nutritional support according to each case. The manual screening systems can detect those somatic changes typical of undernutrition only after many days or weeks, which might be too late. Plasma albumin is a very reliable parameter for nutritional control. A lowered amount of it, due to whatever reason, is a clear sign of a possible deficit as well as of a nutritional risk suffered by the cell way before the somatic signs of undernutrition will become apparent. A fast detection of nutritional risk, anticipating undernutrition, offers prognostic abilities, which makes screening tools based on analytic parameters the most useful, ergonomic, reliable and efficient system for nutritional screening and prognosis in the clinical practice. CONCLUSION:It is necessary to update some concepts, to leave behind old myths and to choose modern screening systems that have proven to be efficient. This is the only way achieving the dream of controlling CU among ill and vulnerable patients. :Objetivo: Actualizar el cribado nutricional. La alta prevalencia del desequilibrio nutricional que genera la Desnutrición Clínica (DC), especialmente en hospitales y residencias asistidas, obliga al uso de herramientas de cribado y a controlar su evolución para combatirla sobre la marcha. La DC deriva menos de la carencia nutricional que de los efectos de la enfermedad y sus tratamientos, pero los actuales sistemas de cribado buscan más la desnutrición ya establecida que el riesgo nutricional existente. Las alteraciones metabólicas del equilibrio nutricional que constituyen la trofopatía se pueden captar en el plasma sin demoras, automáticamente, permitiendo rectificar actitudes terapéuticas demasiado agresivas o complementarlas con el adecuado soporte nutricional. Con los sistemas manuales de cribado, solo pasados días o semanas se evidenciarán, tardíamente, los cambios somáticos expresivos de esa desnutrición. La concentración de la albúmina plasmática es un parámetro muy valioso en el control nutricional. Su disminución, cualquiera que sea la causa, expresa un posible déficit pero también el riesgo nutricional a que se ve sometida la célula, antes de que la desnutrición se manifieste somáticamente. La precocidad de la detección del riesgo nutricional, anticipándose a la desnutrición y su gran capacidad pronóstica hacen de las herramientas basadas en parámetros analíticos, el procedimiento más útil, ergonómico, seguro y eficiente para el cribado y pronóstico nutricional en el entorno clínico. Conclusión: es hora de actualizar conceptos, deshacer mitos y optar por sistemas modernos de cribado eficientes, única manera de alcanzar el sueño de controlar la DC en nuestras poblaciones enfermas y frágiles.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

de Ulíbarri Pérez JI,Fernández G,Rodríguez Salvanés F,Díaz López AM

doi

10.3305/nh.2014.29.4.7275

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-01-13 00:00:00

pages

797-811

issue

4

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

29

pub_type

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