[Probiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: to NEC or not to NEC?, this is the question].

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most commonly acquired neonatal intraabdominal emergency and causes significant morbidity and mortality. A proposed strategy for the prevention of NEC in preterm infants is the administration of oral probiotics. The objective of the study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of oral probiotics in preterm infants to try to answer the following question: oral probiotics in Neonatology, yes or no?. METHODOLOGY:A scheme of work based on the five standard steps of medicine based on scientific evidence (EBM) was used: 1) question, 2) search, 3) valuation, 4) applicability and 5) adequacy. Electronic searches were performed on international (Tripdatabase, Cochrane Collaboration, National Guideline Clearinghouse, GuiaSalud, INHATA, Medline, SciELO) and national (Índice Médico Español, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud y MEDES) database. RESULTS:we selected 8 systematic reviews (SR) that answered our clinical question, published between 2007 and 2012, and which included the best available information (randomised clinical trials). Risk of death was significantly reduced in probiotic groups in all SR, with relative risk (RR) 0,40 to 0,56. Risk of NEC was significantly reduced in probiotic groups in all SR, with RR 0,32 to 0,36. Risk of sepsis did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS:The findings of the 8 SR show potential prevention of oral probiotics in mortality and morbidity secondary to NEC. However, they must be interpreted with caution because the beneficial effects of probiotics seem to be strain specific, thus, pooling data from different strains may result in misleading conclusions. We found two groups of investigation in this field ("yes, of course" and "no, be careful") and there is encouraging data which justifies further and definitive clinical trial regarding the efficacy and safety of specific probiotics in circumstances of high local incidence of severe NEC. :Introducción. La enterocolitis necrotizante (NEC) es la urgencia abdominal adquirida más frecuente en el recién nacido y ocasiona importante morbi-mortalidad. Una estrategia preventiva es la administración de probióticos orales para la prevención de NEC en prematuros. . El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficacia y seguridad de los probióticos orales en prematuros para intentar responder a la pregunta: probióticos orales en Neonatología, ¿sí o no?. Material y métodos. Se planteó un esquema de trabajo en base a los cinco pasos característicos de la Medicina basada en la evidencia o en pruebas científicas (MBE): 1) pregunta, 2) búsqueda, 3) valoración, 4) aplicabilidad y 5) adecuación. Las búsquedas electrónicas se realizaron en bases de datos internacionales (Tripdatabase, Cochrane Collaboration, National Guideline Clearinghouse, GuiaSalud, INHATA, Medline, SciELO) y nacionales (Índice Médico Español, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud y MEDES). Resultados. Se seleccionaron 8 revisiones sistemáticas (RS) que respondían a la pregunta clínica, publicadas entre los años 2007 y 2012, y que incluyen la mejor información disponible (como ensayos clínicos). El riesgo de muerte disminuía significativamente en los grupos de administración de probióticos en todas las RS, con un riesgo relativo (RR) entre 0,40 y 0,56. El riesgo de NEC disminuía significativamente en los grupos de administración de probióticos en todas las RS, con un RR entre 0,32 y 0,36. El riesgo de sepsis no difería significativamente entre grupos. Conclusión. Los hallazgos de las 8 RS muestran, de forma consistente, que los probióticos orales ofrecen una prevención potencial en la morbi-mortalidad secundaria a NEC. Sin embargo, estos datos deben interpretarse con cautela dado que los efectos beneficiosos de los probióticos son específicos de cepa, por lo que, agrupar datos de diferentes cepas puede conllevar a conclusiones erróneas. Encontramos dos grupos de investigación en este campo (“yes, of course” y “no, be careful”) y disponemos de pruebas suficientes que justifican la realización de un ensayo clínico definitivo que analice la eficacia y seguridad de probióticos específicos en circunstancias locales de alta incidencia de NEC grave.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

González de Dios J,González Muñoz M

doi

10.3305/nutr hosp.v28in06.6901

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-11-01 00:00:00

pages

2115-23

issue

6

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

28

pub_type

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