[Treatment of disease-related malnutrition: status of regulation in the Spanish National Health System. An exploratory study through focus groups].

Abstract:

Introduction:Background: the legislation currently regulating the inclusion of Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) among the benefits of the National Health System (SNS) was made approximately 15 years ago. The evolution of the technical characteristics of the FSMP justifies an analysis of the current regulation and the consideration of possible regulatory modifications that would allow the incorporation of the progress achieved. Material and methods: four successive focus groups of experts, mostly doctors (91%), hospital specialists in disciplines related to nutrition (73%), from 8 different hospitals and 6 autonomous communities. Previously, 4 documents summarizing different technical aspects of the regulation on FSMP in Spain were sent to the participants. The audio of the meetings was transcribed anonymously and its content was codified. Results: the contents of the focus groups were grouped into 9 codes: 1) problems and regulation; 2) clinical benefits and evidence of efficacy or effectiveness; 3) clinical indications; 4) international context and comparisons with other countries; 5) budgetary impact; 6) cost-effectiveness; 7) risks and reasons for maintaining current regulation; 8) proposals for progress, feasibility and aspects that make implementation difficult; and 9) other issues. Conclusions: based on the technological development and clinical application of the FSMP carried out in recent years, an update of the regulation of these products can be proposed for financing by the National Health System in Spain. Most of these changes do not imply an increase in expenditure if current conditions regarding indications and maximum prices are maintained. Introducción:Antecedentes: la normativa que regula la inclusión de alimentos para usos médicos especiales (ADUME) entre las prestaciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) fue elaborada hace unos 15 años, si bien la nutrición enteral domiciliaria se comenzó a regular en 1998. La evolución de las características técnicas de los ADUME justifica un análisis de la actual normativa y la consideración de posibles modificaciones que permitan la incorporación de avances tecnológicos. Material y métodos: reuniones estructuradas siguiendo la metodología del grupo focal, con expertos en su mayoría médicos (91 %), mujeres (55 %) y especialistas hospitalarios en disciplinas relacionadas con la nutrición (73 %) de 8 hospitales y 6 comunidades autónomas. Previamente, los participantes recibieron 4 documentos resumen de diferentes aspectos técnicos de la regulación sobre ADUME en España. Se transcribió de forma anonimizada el audio de las reuniones y se codificó su contenido en 9 códigos: 1) problemática y regulación; 2) beneficios clínicos y evidencia de eficacia o efectividad; 3) indicaciones clínicas; 4) contexto internacional y comparaciones con otros países; 5) impacto presupuestario; 6) coste-efectividad; 7) riesgos y motivos para mantener la regulación actual; 8) propuestas de avance, factibilidad y aspectos que dificultan la implementación; y 9) otros temas. Resultados: los grupos señalaron la necesidad de modificar aspectos regulatorios relacionados con la exclusión de financiación de las fórmulas de densidad calórica superior a 2,1 kcal/ml, exclusión de la financiación de los ADUME obtenidos total o parcialmente a partir de alimentos ordinarios, preferencia por la alimentación por sonda y exclusividad de la financiación de fórmulas completas para los ADUME que se empleen por vía oral como complemento de una ingesta insuficiente. Conclusiones: sobre la base del desarrollo tecnológico y la aplicación clínica de los ADUME en los últimos años, el SNS debería actualizar la regulación de la financiación de estos productos. La mayor parte de estos cambios no implican incremento del gasto si se mantienen las condiciones actuales en cuanto a indicaciones y precios máximos.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Peiró Moreno S,Del Llano Señarís JE,Gol-Montserrat J

doi

10.20960/nh.03082

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-16 00:00:00

pages

1246-1280

issue

6

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

37

pub_type

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