[How to improve hydration and fluid intake in institutionalized older people? A scientific literature review].

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:residents are vulnerable to suffer of dehydration due to physiological changes and the physical and cognitive limitations. AIM:to handle this situation, it has been decided to evaluate the interventions which are carried out for the management of dehydration and low fluid intake in older people living in nursing homes. METHODS:the revised scientific literature review methodology of PRISMA was applied. An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and other sources databases. The literature search was carried out between October 2016 and January 2017. Out of a total of 3,379 articles extracted, eleven studies were selected for analysis. In addition, their quality was assessed through Cochrane and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS:the risk of bias in the studies was mostly medium. Regarding the results, the interventions were classified according to whether they were invasive or non-invasive. Invasive interventions were intravenous and/or subcutaneous fluid therapy. Their effectiveness was related to the clinical improvement of dehydration. However, local reactions appeared. Non-invasive interventions focused on the individualized assistance, the stimulation to drink more and the consideration of the preferences of each resident, producing an increase in fluid intake and an improvement in analytical parameters. CONCLUSIONS:given the peculiarities of the institutionalized elderly population, both types of intervention have been shown to have a positive effect on improving hydration. Nonetheless, non-invasive interventions have confirmed to be more efficient given their simplicity of application and cause fewer adverse effects. :INTRODUCCIÓN: los residentes son vulnerables a sufrir deshidratación por los cambios fisiológicos y las limitaciones físicas y cognitivas que padecen. OBJETIVO: para manejar esta situación, se ha decidido evaluar las intervenciones que se llevan a cabo para el manejo de la deshidratación y la baja ingesta hídrica en las personas mayores institucionalizadas en residencias geriátricas. MÉTODOS: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica siguiendo la metodología PRISMA mediante búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL y otras fuentes. De un total de 3.379 artículos extraídos, se seleccionaron once estudios para su análisis. Además, se avaluó su calidad a través de Cochrane y la Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTADOS: el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios fue medio en su mayoría. En cuanto a los resultados, las intervenciones se clasificaron según fuesen invasivas o no invasivas. Las intervenciones invasivas fueron la sueroterapia intravenosa y/o subcutánea y su efectividad estuvo relacionada con la mejora clínica de la deshidratación. No obstante, aparecieron reacciones locales. Las no invasivas se centraron en la asistencia individualizada, la estimulación para beber más y tener en cuenta las preferencias de cada residente, produciendo un aumento de la ingesta y una mejora en los parámetros analíticos. CONCLUSIONES: dadas las peculiaridades de la población mayor institucionalizada, ambos tipos de intervención han demostrado tener un efecto positivo en la mejora de la hidratación. No obstante, las intervenciones no invasivas han confirmado ser más eficientes dada su sencillez de aplicación y provocar menos efectos Adversos.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Masot O,Iglesias Millán A,Nuin C,Miranda J,Lavedán A,Botigué T

doi

10.20960/nh.1885

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-12-03 00:00:00

pages

1441-1449

issue

6

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

35

pub_type

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