Abstract：
:The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal vasculature is responsible for the maintenance of reproductive function. Levels of GnRH decapeptide available for this process can be regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. In the immortalized neuronal GT1 cell lines which synthesize and secrete GnRH, regulation of GnRH biosynthesis has been studied using activators of the protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and calcium second messenger systems. These substances, while stimulating GnRH release, cause a universal inhibition of all biosynthetic indices measured to date, including decreases in transcription of the proGnRH gene, GnRH mRNA levels, mRNA stability, and translational efficiency. In contrast, in the animal, the mechanism for the regulation of GnRH gene expression appears to be primarily posttranscriptional, since changes in GnRH mRNA levels often occur in the absence of changes in GnRH primary transcript levels an index of GnRH gene transcription. For example, GnRH mRNA levels increase in response to stimulation with glutamate analogs, while GnRH primary transcript levels are unchanged. However, parallel changes in GnRH mRNA and primary transcript have been observed on proestrus prior to the LH/GnRH surge, suggesting that the regulation of GnRH mRNA levels in vivo involves a complex interplay of transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
journal_name
Front Neuroendocrinoljournal_title
Frontiers in neuroendocrinologyauthors
Gore AC,Roberts JLdoi
10.1006/frne.1996.0149subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
209-45issue
2eissn
0091-3022issn
1095-6808pii
S0091-3022(96)90149-1journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The natriuretic peptide system consists of three endogenous ligands, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and at least three subtypes of receptors. All of the peptides and receptors exist in the central nervous system (CNS). ANPs in the brain ar...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identification of novel neurohormones that regulate the reproductive axis is essential for the progress of neuroendocrinology. The decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary factor responsible for the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion. Gonadal sex steroids and inhibin modulate gonado...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.001
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insight into the mechanisms of action of neurotrophic growth factors has been obtained through the identification and characterization of gene products that are regulated or modified at the transcriptional, translational, and/or posttranslational level in response to neurotrophin treatment. VGF (non-acronymic) was ide...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/frne.2000.0199
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Initial investigations into the mechanistic basis of aggression focused on the role of testosterone (T) and a variety of studies on non-human animals found that elevated T levels promote aggression. However, many correlational studies have not detected a significant association between aggression and peripheral T leve...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.11.001
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by loss of control over intake and dysregulation of stress-related brain emotional systems. Since the discovery by Wylie Vale and his colleagues of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the structurally-related urocortins, CRF systems have emerged as ...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.01.001
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine organizational and activational influences on cognitive and affective circuits are likely critical to the development of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a sex-specific hormone-dependent mood disorder. An overview of the anatomical and functional neural characterization of this disorder is presented h...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100838
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal and human studies provide evidence that exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), bisphenol A (BPA), can lead to neurobehavioral disorders. Consequently, there is an impetus to identify safer alternatives to BPA. Three bisphenol compounds proposed as potential safer alternatives to BPA are bisphenol ...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.08.001
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food reward, not hunger, is the main driving force behind eating in the modern obesogenic environment. Palatable foods, generally calorie-dense and rich in sugar/fat, are thus readily overconsumed despite the resulting health consequences. Important advances have been made to explain mechanisms underlying excessive co...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.01.002
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some 10 years have elapsed since inhibins were first isolated from ovarian follicular fluid and characterized as disulphide-linked dimeric glycoproteins capable of selectively suppressing the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by pituitary gonadotropes. There have been numerous surprises sub...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/frne.1996.0013
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a species to reproduce successfully requires the careful orchestration of developmental processes during critical time points, particularly the late embryonic and early postnatal periods. This article begins with a brief presentation of the evidence for how gonadal steroid hormones exert these imprintin...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.02.002
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept is proposed that polypeptide neurotrophic factors contribute to the developmental regulation of ovarian and hypothalamic function in mammals. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3, two members of the neurotrophin family, have been identified in the rat ovary and one of its receptors has been localiz...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However, exercise also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increases levels of the glucocorticoid cortisol (CORT). CORT, also known as the "stress hormone," is considered a mediator between chronic stress and depression a...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Certain mood disorders and autoimmune diseases are predominately female diseases but we do not know why. Here, we explore the relationship between depression and the immune system from a sex-based perspective. This review characterizes sex differences in the immune system in health and disease. We explore the contribu...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.12.004
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition characterised by severe inattention, pathological impulsivity and hyperactivity; it is relatively common affecting up to 6% of children, and is associated with a risk of long-term adverse educational and social consequences. Males are conside...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.003
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various forms of early life adversity (ELA) have been linked with increased risk for negative health outcomes, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding how the complex interplay between types, timing, duration, and severity of ELA, together with individual differences in genetic, socio-cultural, and physiol...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100768
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroscientists are likely to discover new sex differences in the coming years, spurred by the National Institutes of Health initiative to include both sexes in preclinical studies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in the mammalia...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.01.001
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells. The TME emerged as a key modulator of tumour initiation, progression and invasion, with extensive data available in many cancers, but little is ...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100852
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mental illnesses originate early in life, governed by environmental and genetic factors. Because parents are a dominant source of signals to the developing child, parental signals - beginning with maternal signals in utero - are primary contributors to children's mental health. Existing literature on maternal signals ...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.01.002
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the CNS, there are widespread and diverse interactions between growth factors and estrogen. Here we examine the interactions of estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two molecules that have historically been studied separately, despite the fact that they seem to share common targets, effects, and m...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.09.004
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hippocampus plays an integral role in certain aspects of cognition. Hippocampal structural plasticity and in particular adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we review how hormones (i.e., intrinsic modulators) and physical exercise (i.e., an extrinsic mod...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.03.001
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many vertebrates are highly motivated to communicate, suggesting that the consequences of communication may be rewarding. Past studies show that dopamine and opioids in the medial preoptic nucleus (mPOA) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) play distinct roles in motivation and reward. In songbirds, multiple lines of rece...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.04.002
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female sexual behavior in rodents, typified by the lordosis posture, is hormone-dependent and sex-specific. Ovarian hormones control this behavior via receptors in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH). This review considers the sex differences in the morphology, neurochemistry and neural circuitry of the VMH to...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.008
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter is based on the Geoffrey Harris Memorial Lecture presented at the 8th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology, which was held in Sydney, August 2014. It provides the development of our understanding of the neuroendocrine control of puberty since Harris proposed in his 1955 monograph (Harris, 1955) th...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.04.002
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapidly growing body of evidence reveals that complex networks of communication exist between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. Essential to the maintenance and function of the immune-endocrine circuitry are an array of chemical mediators produced by cells of the immune and endocrine systems. Cytokines are ...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/frne.1995.1001
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychosocial stress, and within the neuroendocrine reaction to stress specifically the glucocorticoid hormones, are well-characterized inhibitors of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, resulting in a marked reduction in the production of new neurons in this brain area relevant for learn...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.05.001
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As adolescents transition from childhood to adulthood, many physiological and neurobehavioral changes occur. Shifts in neuroendocrine function are one such change, including the hormonal systems that respond to stressors. This review will focus on these hormonal changes, with a particular emphasis on the pubertal and ...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.12.003
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical introduction of octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog, has opened a new era in the medical therapy of patients with growth hormone (GH)- and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors. Good control of hormonal hypersecretion occurred in most patients, and tumor shrinkage has been obs...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/frne.1993.1002
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid, non-transcriptionally mediated, effects of glucocorticoids affect many behaviors as well as inhibition of function in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this short review, it is argued that the fast glucocorticoid actions which are mediated by membrane receptors are an ancient type of sterol/steroid-med...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.08.001
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling greatly impacts the development and growth of the central nervous system (CNS). IGF-I and IGF-II, two ligands of the IGF system, exert a wide variety of actions both during development and in adulthood, promoting the survival and proliferation of neural cells. The IGFs also i...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.06.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mounting evidence suggests that--beyond the well-known genomic effects--glucocorticoids affect cell function via non-genomic mechanisms. Such mechanisms operate in many major systems and organs including the cardiovascular, immune, endocrine and nervous systems, smooth and skeletal muscles, liver, and fat cells. Non-g...
journal_title：Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.10.004
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
