Abstract:
:The concept is proposed that polypeptide neurotrophic factors contribute to the developmental regulation of ovarian and hypothalamic function in mammals. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3, two members of the neurotrophin family, have been identified in the rat ovary and one of its receptors has been localized to the innervation and thecal cells of developing follicles. Although NGF supports the sympathetic innervation of the gland, the extent to which follicles are innervated appears to be defined by the differential expression of NGF receptors in the theca of developing follicles. The presence of NGF receptors in steroid-producing cells suggests a direct involvement of neurotrophins in the regulation of gonadal endocrine function. Evidence is beginning to emerge suggesting that development of the reproductive hypothalamus is affected by insulin-like growth factor 1 secreted by peripheral tissues, and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) produced locally. In the rat hypothalamus, TGF alpha appears to be synthesized in both neurons and glial cells. In glial cells it may interact with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors to further enhance TGF alpha synthesis and to, perhaps, stimulate eicosanoid formation. In turn, one of these eicosanoids, prostaglandin E2, may act on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons to stimulate the release of LHRH in a genomic-independent manner. This provides the basis for the notion that during development LHRH secretion is regulated by a dual mechanism, one that involves transsynaptic effects exerted by neurotransmitters, the other that requires a glial-neuronal interaction and that may predominantly regulate release of the neuropeptide. An increased expression of the TGF alpha and EGF receptor genes in reactive astrocytes is postulated to contribute to the process by which hypothalamic injury causes sexual precocity. Morphological maturation of the reproductive hypothalamus is thought to occur during sexual development. The process is accelerated by estradiol, which exerts its neurotrophic effects by enhancing the expression of genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins involved in neuronal development and regeneration. It is suggested that acquisition of functional competence by both the ovaries and the reproductive hypothalamus requires the participation of specific, but not similar, neurotrophic factors. The relevance of these concepts to the process of sexual development in other species, particularly primates, remains to be defined.
journal_name
Front Neuroendocrinoljournal_title
Frontiers in neuroendocrinologyauthors
Ojeda SR,Dissen GA,Junier MPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-04-01 00:00:00pages
120-62issue
2eissn
0091-3022issn
1095-6808journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Alcohol stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through brain-based mechanisms in which endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role. This review first discusses the evidence for this role, as well as the possible importance of intermediates such as vasopressin, nitric oxide and ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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abstract::Trans-generational epigenetic phenomena, such as contamination with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that decrease fertility and the global methylation status of DNA in the offspring, are of great concern because they may affect health, particularly the health of children. However, of even greater concern is the ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.12.004
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abstract::17β-Estradiol (estradiol or E2) is implicated as a neuroprotective factor in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying E2 neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia, as well as emerging evidence from basic science and clinical studies, which suggests that there is a "critical...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.10.001
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abstract::The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal vasculature is responsible for the maintenance of reproductive function. Levels of GnRH decapeptide available for this process can be regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. In the immortalized neuro...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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abstract::Most human obesity is inherited as a polygenic trait which is largely refractory to medical therapy because obese individuals avidly defend their elevated body weight set-point. This set-point is mediated by an integrated neural network that controls energy homeostasis. Epidemiological studies suggest that perinatal a...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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abstract::Psychosocial stress, and within the neuroendocrine reaction to stress specifically the glucocorticoid hormones, are well-characterized inhibitors of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, resulting in a marked reduction in the production of new neurons in this brain area relevant for learn...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.05.001
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abstract::A 37-kDa corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) binding protein (CRF-BP) was purified from human plasma by repeated affinity purification and subsequently sequenced and cloned. The human and rat CRF-BP cDNAs encode proteins of 322 amino acids with one putative signal sequence, one N-glycosylation site, and 10 conserved ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to its well documented action in female-typical behaviors, progesterone exerts an influence on the brain and behavior of males. This review will discuss the role of progesterone and its receptor in male-typical reproductive behaviors in adulthood and the role of progesterone and its receptor in neural deve...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.07.003
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a species to reproduce successfully requires the careful orchestration of developmental processes during critical time points, particularly the late embryonic and early postnatal periods. This article begins with a brief presentation of the evidence for how gonadal steroid hormones exert these imprintin...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.02.002
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abstract::The neuroprotective effects of menopausal hormonal therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not yet been clarified, and it is controversial whether there is a critical period for neuroprotection. Studies in animal models and clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that estrogens induce dopaminergic neuroprotecti...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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abstract::Two different approaches have been utilized to study the controlling mechanisms that underlie the generation and entrainment of circadian rhythms in mammals. The use of specific drugs to alter the period and/or the phase of circadian rhythms has provided new insights into both the pathways by which environmental infor...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/frne.1995.1007
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abstract::Some 10 years have elapsed since inhibins were first isolated from ovarian follicular fluid and characterized as disulphide-linked dimeric glycoproteins capable of selectively suppressing the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by pituitary gonadotropes. There have been numerous surprises sub...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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abstract::The immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis are functionally connected, so that exposure to antigens elicits a coordinated response which allows the organism to successfully withstand immunologic challenges. An important feature of this bilateral communication is the appearance of proteins released int...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.01.002
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex chromosome genes directly influence sex differences in behavior. The discovery of the Sry gene on the Y chromosome (Gubbay et al., 1990; Koopman et al., 1990) substantiated the sex chromosome mechanistic link to sex differences. Moreover, the pronounced connection between X chromosome gene mutations and mental ill...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.004
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male mammals of many species exhibit reflexive testosterone release in mating situations. In house mice (Mus musculus), the dramatic robustness of such release, occurring primarily in response to a novel female, suggests some function. The resulting testosterone elevations typically peak during copulatory behavior and...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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abstract::Sex is a critical factor in the diagnosis and development of a number of mental health disorders including autism, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa and others; likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones and genetics. Recent evidence suggests that sex ...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insight into the mechanisms of action of neurotrophic growth factors has been obtained through the identification and characterization of gene products that are regulated or modified at the transcriptional, translational, and/or posttranslational level in response to neurotrophin treatment. VGF (non-acronymic) was ide...
journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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