Abstract:
:The neuroprotective effects of menopausal hormonal therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not yet been clarified, and it is controversial whether there is a critical period for neuroprotection. Studies in animal models and clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that estrogens induce dopaminergic neuroprotection. Recent studies suggest that inhibition of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mediates the effects of estrogens in PD models. In the substantia nigra, ovariectomy induces a decrease in levels of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and increases angiotensin activity, NADPH-oxidase activity and expression of neuroinflammatory markers, which are regulated by estrogen replacement therapy. There is a critical period for the neuroprotective effect of estrogen replacement therapy, and local ER-α and RAS play a major role. Astrocytes play a major role in ER-α-induced regulation of local RAS, but neurons and microglia are also involved. Interestingly, treatment with angiotensin receptor antagonists after the critical period induced neuroprotection.
journal_name
Front Neuroendocrinoljournal_title
Frontiers in neuroendocrinologyauthors
Labandeira-Garcia JL,Rodriguez-Perez AI,Valenzuela R,Costa-Besada MA,Guerra MJdoi
10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
44-59eissn
0091-3022issn
1095-6808pii
S0091-3022(16)30041-3journal_volume
43pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
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