Abstract：
:Central pattern generators (CPGs) are spinal neuronal networks required for locomotion. Glutamatergic neurons have been implicated as being important for intrinsic rhythm generation in the CPG and for the command signal for initiating locomotion, although this has not been demonstrated directly. We used a newly generated vesicular glutamate transporter 2-channelrhodopsin2-yellow fluorescent protein (Vglut2-ChR2-YFP) mouse to directly examine the functional role of glutamatergic neurons in rhythm generation and initiation of locomotion. This mouse line expressed ChR2-YFP in the spinal cord and hindbrain. ChR2-YFP was reliably expressed in Vglut2-positive cells and YFP-expressing cells could be activated by light. Photo-stimulation of either the lumbar spinal cord or the caudal hindbrain was sufficient to both initiate and maintain locomotor-like activity. Our results indicate that glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord are critical for initiating or maintaining the rhythm and that activation of hindbrain areas containing the locomotor command regions is sufficient to directly activate the spinal locomotor network.
journal_name
Nat Neuroscijournal_title
Nature neuroscienceauthors
Hägglund M,Borgius L,Dougherty KJ,Kiehn Odoi
10.1038/nn.2482subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-02-01 00:00:00pages
246-52issue
2eissn
1097-6256issn
1546-1726pii
nn.2482journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Exposure to a stressor sensitizes behavioral and hormonal responses to future stressors. Stress-associated release of noradrenaline enhances the capacity of central synapses to show plasticity (metaplasticity). We found noradrenaline-dependent metaplasticity at GABA synapses in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypot...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.3373
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subunit composition of postsynaptic non-NMDA-type glutamate receptors (GluRs) determines the function and trafficking of the receptor. Changes in GluR composition have been implicated in the homeostasis of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity underlying learning. Here, we imaged GluRs in vivo during the f...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.2122
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Striatal parvalbumin (PV) and cholinergic interneurons (CHIs) are poised to play major roles in behavior by coordinating the networks of medium spiny cells that relay motor output. However, the small numbers and scattered distribution of these cells have hindered direct assessment of their contribution to activity in ...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41593-019-0341-3
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breathing is a bilaterally synchronous behavior that relies on a respiratory rhythm generator located in the brainstem. An essential component of this generator is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), which paces inspirations. Little is known about the developmental origin of the interneuronal populations forming the p...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.2622
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nn.2332
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nn0908-989
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
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更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1076
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1407
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention powerfully influences auditory perception, but little is understood about the mechanisms whereby attention sharpens responses to unattended sounds. We used high-resolution surface mapping techniques (using functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) to examine activity in human auditory cortex during an int...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1256
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1672
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate synaptic events underlying sensory perception, we made whole-cell membrane potential recordings of barrel cortex neurons in awake mice while recording whisker-related behavior. During quiet periods, we recorded slow, large-amplitude membrane potential changes, which switched during whisking to small, fa...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1690
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is important for many forms of synaptic plasticity. However, the link between activity and resulting synaptic alterations is not fully understood. We identified a direct interaction between N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF), an ATPase involved in membrane fusion eve...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.2624
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn0901-894
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1150
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.4395
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.3051
更新日期：2012-02-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.3911
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphoinositide 3 kinase enhancer (PIKE) is a recently identified nuclear GTPase that activates nuclear phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase). We have identified, cloned and characterized a new form of PIKE, designated PIKE-L, which, unlike the nuclear PIKE-S, localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. We demo...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1134
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1973
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ca(v)2.1 channels, which mediate P/Q-type Ca2+ currents, undergo Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent inactivation and facilitation that can significantly alter synaptic efficacy. Here we report that the neuronal Ca2+-binding protein 1 (CaBP1) modulates Ca(v)2.1 channels in a manner that is markedly different from modulati...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn805
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphological transition of growth cones to synaptic boutons characterizes synaptogenesis. Here we have isolated mutations in immaculate connections (imac; CG8566), a previously uncharacterized Drosophila gene encoding a member of the Kinesin-3 family. Whereas earlier studies in Drosophila implicated Kinesin-1 in ...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1936
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical stimulation of visual cortex can produce a visual percept (phosphene). We electrically stimulated visual cortex in humans implanted with subdural electrodes while recording from other brain sites. Phosphene perception occurred only if stimulation evoked high-frequency gamma oscillations in the temporopariet...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.3131
更新日期：2012-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The neural mechanisms that mediate the transition from a drug-naive state to a state of drug dependence and addiction are not yet known. Here we show that a discrete population of GABA(A) receptors in the mammalian ventral tegmental area (VTA) serves as a potential addiction switching mechanism by gating reward transm...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1182
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn1933
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many cells in retinotopic brain areas increase their activity when saccades (rapid eye movements) are about to bring stimuli into their receptive fields. Although previous work has attempted to look at the functional correlates of such predictive remapping, no study has explicitly tested for better attentional perform...
journal_title：Nature neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nn.2711
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
