Abstract：
:Lignocellulosic biofuels represent a sustainable, renewable, and the only foreseeable alternative energy source to transportation fossil fuels. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose poses technical hurdles to an economically viable biorefinery. Low enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and low productivity, yield, and titer of biofuels are among the top cost contributors. Protein engineering has been used to improve the performance of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, as well as proteins involved in biofuel synthesis pathways. Unlike its great success seen in other industrial applications, protein engineering has achieved only modest results in improving the lignocellulose-to-biofuels efficiency. This review will discuss the unique challenges that protein engineering faces in the process of converting lignocellulose to biofuels and how they are addressed by recent advances in this field.
journal_name
Curr Opin Biotechnoljournal_title
Current opinion in biotechnologyauthors
Wen F,Nair NU,Zhao Hdoi
10.1016/j.copbio.2009.07.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-08-01 00:00:00pages
412-9issue
4eissn
0958-1669issn
1879-0429pii
S0958-1669(09)00085-8journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Aptamers are short single-stranded oligo(deoxy)nucleotides that are selected to bind to target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Because of their sophisticated characteristics and versatile applicability, aptamers are thought to become universal molecular probes in biotechnological and therapeutic applicat...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.026
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in retooling microorganisms have enabled bioproduction of 'drop-in' biofuels, fuels that are compatible with existing spark-ignition, compression-ignition, and gas-turbine engines. As the majority of petroleum consumption in the United States consists of gasoline (47%), diesel fuel and heating oil (21%), and ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.004
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A growing body of evidence indicates that many cellular reactions within metabolic pathways are catalyzed not by free-floating 'soluble' enzymes, but via one or more membrane-associated multienzyme complexes. This type of macromolecular organization has important implications for the overall efficiency, specificity, a...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2008.07.006
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic engineering and screening of large number of cells or populations is a crucial bottleneck in today's systems biology and applied (micro)biology. Instead of using standard methods in bottles, flasks or 96-well plates, scientists are increasingly relying on high-throughput strategies that miniaturize their exper...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.011
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The release of sub-picomole levels of N-linked oligosaccharides directly from 1-5 micrograms of protein in a band on an SDS PAGE gel, coupled with recent advances in mass spectrometry and HPLC, opens the way for the analysis of biologically important glycoproteins that are difficult to purify or are available only in ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(97)80073-0
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to study protein interactions have primarily involved combinations of classic fluorescence techniques, novel probe and coupling chemistries, and advances in laser excitation and detection capabilities. For example, new coupling strategies for fluorescent probes h...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(97)80156-5
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Generating novel functionality from well characterised synthetic parts and modules lies at the heart of synthetic biology. Ideally, circuitry is rationally designed in silico with quantitatively predictive models to predetermined design specifications. Synthetic circuits are intrinsically stochastic, often dynamically...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.002
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibacterial strategies targeting bacterial adhesion to substrates are considered a valuable alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy, in view of the great advantage they bring in combating the infectious process at the very early stage without selecting for drug resistant cells. Amongst bioactive compounds with...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.006
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oil prices and government mandates have catalyzed rapid growth of nonfossil transportation fuels in recent years, with a large focus on ethanol from energy crops, but the food crops used as first-generation energy crops today are not optimized for this purpose. We show that the theoretical efficiency of conversion of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2008.05.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nutraceuticals are important natural bioactive compounds that confer health-promoting and medical benefits to humans. Globally growing demands for value-added nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of human diseases have rendered nutraceuticals a multi-billion dollar market. However, supply limitations and extrac...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2015.11.003
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent progress in synthetic and computational chemistry has made it possible to develop certain novel drug candidates. Drug candidates for genetic diseases, such as cancer, may also be designed on the basis of structural information obtained using X-ray analysis and NMR, as well as evidence from biological techniques...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(99)80006-8
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cells reside in complex niches in which their behaviour is tightly regulated by various biochemical and biophysical signals. In order to unveil some of the crucial stem cell-niche interactions and expedite the implementation of stem cells in clinical and pharmaceutical applications, in vitro methodologies are bei...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2015.05.003
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterologous production of polyketide compounds, an important class of natural products with complex chemical structures, was first demonstrated with Streptomyces parvulus in 1984. Although Streptomyces strains are good first options for heterologous polyketide biosynthesis, their slow growth kinetics prompt other hos...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.029
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure determinations of the cytochrome bc1 complex and the prokaryotic potassium channel demonstrate that a wider range of membrane proteins are now amenable to study by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the structures of porins and interfacial membrane proteins show that membrane structural biology is becom...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80005-0
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic engineering for complex or combined traits requires the simultaneous expression of multiple genes, and has been considered as the bottleneck for the next generation of genetic engineering in plants. Minichromosome technology provides one solution to the stable expression and maintenance of multiple transgenes ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2007.09.005
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Redox enzymes in bioelectronic devices usually lack direct electrical contact with electrodes, owing to the spatial separation of their redox centers from the conductive surfaces by the protein shells. The reconstitution of apo-enzymes on cofactor-functionalized nanostructures associated with electrodes provides a mea...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2006.10.008
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become increasingly widespread in virtually all aspects of molecular biology. Recently, novel ligation-independent methods have been developed for the cloning of DNA fragments amplified using PCR. Ligation-independent cloning utilizing the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (t...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(95)80006-9
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are organelles that encapsulate enzymes involved in CO2 fixation or carbon catabolism in a selectively permeable protein shell. Here, we highlight recent advances in the bioengineering of these protein-based nanoreactors in heterologous systems, including transfer and expression of B...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.09.005
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbes have long been adapted for the biosynthetic production of useful compounds. There is increasing demand for the rapid and cheap microbial production of diverse molecules in an industrial setting. Microbes can now be designed and engineered for a particular biosynthetic purpose, thanks to recent developments in...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2014.02.014
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many of the gene products of completely sequenced organisms are 'hypothetical' - they cannot be related to any previously characterized proteins - and so are of completely unknown function. Structural studies provide one means of obtaining functional information in these cases. A 'structural genomics' project has been...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00063-4
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life depends on the interaction of proteins. The availability of the complete human genome sequence has highlighted the need for a tool to analyse protein interactions and several databases have been compiled for this purpose. These databases document, categorize, and analyze interacting proteins and the cellular func...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(00)00224-x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are obtained by transplanting fragments of a patient's tumour into immunodeficient mice. Growth and propagation of PDXs allows correlating therapeutic response in vivo with extensive, multi-dimensional molecular annotation, leading to identification of predictive biomarkers. PDXs are ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.003
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the hierarchical structure of proteins at their fundamental length scales is essential to get insights into their functions and roles in fundamental biological processes. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), which overcomes the diffraction limits of conventional optics, provides a powerful anal...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.022
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various strategies have been developed to exploit plants as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical antibodies, to engineer antibody-mediated pathogen resistance or to alter the plant phenotype by immunomodulation. Recent research developments focus on the fine-tuning of expression systems and the detailed ch...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(02)00303-8
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in miniaturization and automation of technologies have enabled cell-based assay high-throughput screening, bringing along new challenges in data analysis. Automation, standardization, reproducibility have become requirements for qualitative research. The Bioconductor community has worked in that direct...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2012.09.003
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tremendous advances in biocatalytic approaches to oligosaccharide synthesis have taken place in the past two years. The use of isolated enzymes, both glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, or engineered whole cells allows the preparation of natural oligosaccharides and analogs required for glycobiology research. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00044-0
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of biological systems in which there is a direct link between the challenges faced by marine organisms and biotechnologies enable us to rationally search for active natural compounds and other novel biotechnologies. This approach is proving successful in developing new methods for the prevention of marine biof...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(02)00311-7
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past years, recombinase-based approaches for integrating transgenes into defined chromosomal loci of mammalian cells have gained increasing attention. This method is attractive since it enables to precisely integrate transgenes of interest into pre-defined integration sites, thereby allowing to predict the expr...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2007.07.013
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of microbial consortia for bioprocessing has been limited by our ability to reliably control community composition and function simultaneously. Recent advances in synthetic biology have enabled population-level coordination and control of ecosystem stability and dynamics. Further, new experimental and computat...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2012.02.001
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolism is dynamic and must function in context-specific ways to adjust to changes in the surrounding cellular and ecological environment. When isotopic tracers are used, metabolite flow (i.e. metabolic flux) can be quantified through biochemical networks to assess metabolic pathway operation. The cellular activiti...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.003
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
