Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Over 100 people die daily from opioid overdose and $78.5B per year is spent on treatment efforts, however, the real societal cost is multifold greater. Alternative strategies to eradicate/manage drug misuse and addiction need consideration. The perception of opioid addiction as a social/criminal problem has evolved to evidence-based considerations of them as clinical disorders with a genetic basis. We present evaluations of the genetics of addiction with ancestryspecific risk profiles for consideration. OBJECTIVE:Studies of gene variants associated with predisposition to substance use disorders (SUDs) are monolithic, and exclude many ethnic groups, especially Hispanics and African Americans. We evaluate gene polymorphisms that impact brain reward and predispose individuals to opioid addictions, with a focus on the disparity of research which includes individuals of African and Hispanic descent. METHODOLOGY:PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for: Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), Genome- wide association studies (GWAS); genetic variants; polymorphisms, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP); genomics, epigenetics, race, ethnic group, ethnicity, ancestry, Caucasian/ White, African American/Black, Hispanic, Asian, addictive behaviors, reward deficiency syndrome (RDS), mutation, insertion/deletion, and promotor region. RESULTS:Many studies exclude non-White individuals. Studies that include diverse populations report ethnicity-specific frequencies of risk genes, with certain polymorphisms specifically associated with Caucasian and not African-American or Hispanic susceptibility to OUD or SUDs, and vice versa. CONCLUSION:To adapt precision medicine-based addiction management in a blended society, we propose that ethnicity/ancestry-informed genetic variations must be analyzed to provide real precision- guided therapeutics with the intent to attenuate this uncontrollable fatal epidemic.
journal_name
Curr Neuropharmacoljournal_title
Current neuropharmacologyauthors
Abijo T,Blum K,Gondré-Lewis MCdoi
10.2174/1570159X17666191118125702subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
578-595issue
7eissn
1570-159Xissn
1875-6190pii
CN-EPUB-102440journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To explore the functional consequences of cannabinoid withdrawal in the rat mesolimbic dopamine system, we investigated the anatomical morphology of the mesencephalic, presumed dopaminergic, neurons and their main post-synaptic target in the Nucleus Accumbens. We found that TH-positive neurons shrink and Golgi-stained...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911795017083
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegeneration is an initial process in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). High quantities of glutamate, oxidative stress, induction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and elevated levels of RAGE are crucial elements in the retinal neurodegeneration caused by diabetes mellitus. At least, there is emer...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160813182009
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain research is the most expanding interdisciplinary research that is using the state of the art techniques to overcome limitations in order to conduct more accurate and effective experiments. Drug delivery to the target site in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most difficult steps in neuroscience rese...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015912804143513
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, enormous efforts have been devoted to understand the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been transferred into extensive experimental approaches aimed at reversing disease progression. The trend in future AD therapy has been shifted from traditional anti-acety...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015907780866901
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes and is considered one of the main causes of blindness in moderate-income and highly-developed countries. As it is a major socioeconomic problem, defining all mechanisms that may lead to DR development is of great importance. In the 21st centu...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160523144245
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons has been extensively investigated in a variety of behavioural states. In fact this norepinephrine (NE)-containing nucleus modulates many physiological and pathological conditions including the sleep-waking cycle, movement disorders, mood alterations, convulsive seizures, an...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015913804999522
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are two distinct forms of synaptic plasticity that have been extensively characterized at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SCCA1) synapse and the mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapse within the hippocampus, and are postulated to be the molecular underpinning for several ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150421003225
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is a serious psychiatric illness that affects millions of people worldwide. Weeks of antidepressant therapy are required to relieve depressive symptoms, and new drugs are still being extensively researched. The latest studies have shown that in depression, there is an imbalance between the main excitatory (...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150115220617
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating prodrug which delivers a methyl group to purine bases of DNA (O6- guanine; N7-guanine and N3-adenine), is frequently used together with radiotherapy as part of the first-line treatment of high-grade gliomas. The main advantages are its high oral bioavailability (almost 100% altho...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200626204005
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decades Neural Stem Cells have been considered as an alternative source of cells to replace lost neurons and NSC transplantation has been indicated as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, the current understanding of NSC biology suggests that, far from being mere spare p...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911795596603
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a heterogeneous and complex limbic forebrain structure, which plays an important role in controlling autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. The BNST is thought to serve as a key relay connecting limbic forebrain structures to hypothalamic and brainstem reg...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X11311020002
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a cellular quality control mechanism crucial for neuronal homeostasis. Defects in autophagy are critically associated with mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD), a common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Autophagic dysfunction in PD can occur at several stages of the autophagy/lysosom...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666151030103027
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders. Mutations of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor epsilon subunit gene (CHRNE) are the most common causes of these disorders. CMSs are gaining increasing recognition by clinicians. However, pharmacological treatment ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200729092332
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke treatment, but its clinical use is limited due to the narrow therapeutic time window and severe adverse effects, including hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and neurotoxicity. One of the potential resolutions is to use adjunct th...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160620102055
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting analgesic drugs for spinal delivery reflects the fact that while the conscious experience of pain is mediated supraspinally, input initiated by high intensity stimuli, tissue injury and/or nerve injury is encoded at the level of the spinal dorsal horn and this output informs the brain as to the peripheral en...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160307145542
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting peripheral nerves. The causes are multiple: hereditary, metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, toxic, traumatic. The temporal profile includes acute, subacute and chronic conditions. The majority of peripheral neuropathies cause mainly muscle weakne...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015906778019536
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel(e-Nav) is a large asymmetric transmembrane protein with important functions concerning neurological function. No structure has been resolved at high resolution for this protein. METHODS:A homology model of the transmembrane and extracellular regions of an Anophele...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1567201814666161205131213
更新日期:2017-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Protein aggregates or inclusion bodies are common hallmarks of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Why these aggregates form remains unclear. Equally debated is whether they are toxic, protective, or simple by-products. Increasing evidence, however, supports the notion that in general aggregates confer toxicity a...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015908784533897
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cysloop ligand-gated ion channels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are i...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170912110450
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When discussing AED conversion in the clinic, both the patient and physician perspectives on the goals and risks of this change are important to consider. To identify patient-reported and clinician-perceived concerns, a panel of epilepsy specialists was questioned about the topics discussed with patients and the clini...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015909788848947
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The push-pull superfusion technique (PPST) is a procedure for in vivo examination of transmitter release in distinct brain areas. This technique allows to investigate dynamics of transmitter release both under normal and experimentally evoked conditions. The PPST can be modified so that it is possible to determine rel...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150722233149
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain and spinal cord injuries present significant therapeutic challenges. The treatments available for these conditions are largely ineffective, partly due to limitations in directly targeting the therapeutic agents to sites of pathology within the central nervous system (CNS). The use of stem cells to treat these co...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015910793358204
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of neuroprotective agents for stroke is pathogenetically justified, but the translation of results of preclinical studies of neuroprotectors into clinical practice has been a noticeable failure. One of the leading reasons for these failures is the one-target mechanism of their activity. p-Tyrosol (Tyr), a biop...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200507082311
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are invariably fatal tumors found in the pons of elementary school aged children. These tumors are grade II-IV gliomas, with a median survival of less than 1 year from diagnosis when treated with standard of care (SOC) therapy. Nanotechnology may offer therapeutic options for ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160223121002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoids, Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol and its analogue, nabilone, have been found to reliably attenuate the intensity and frequency of post-traumatic nightmares. This essay examines how a traumatic event is captured in the mind, after just a single exposure, and repeatedly replicated during the nights that follow....
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200114142321
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to impose maximum debilitating effects on the society by 2030, with its critical effects on health, functioning, quality of life and concomitant high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the disease is inadequately understood, diagnosed and treated. Moreover, with the re...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191001142934
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver failure can lead to generalized hyperammonemia, which is thought to be the underlying cause of hepatic encephalopathy. This neuropsychiatric syndrome is accompanied by functional changes of astrocytes. These glial cells enter ammonia-induced self-amplifying cycle characterized by brain oedema, oxidative and osmo...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X12666140903094700
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Natural phenolic compounds in medicinal herbs and dietary plants are antioxidants which play therapeutic or preventive roles in different pathological situations, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. One of the most studied phenolic compounds in the last decade is chlorogenic acid (CGA), which is a pot...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191021111809
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes the primary reason for mortality and morbidity in persons worldwide below 45 years of age. 1.7 million Traumatic events occur yearly in the United States alone, considering for 50,000 deaths. In severe traumatic brain injury sufferers, a considerable achievement attai...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170613083606
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian STE20-like kinase-1 (Mst1) is a generally expressed apoptosis-promoting kinase and a key bridgebuilder of apoptotic signaling in the etiology of tissue injury. Despite the fact that the biological function of Mst1 and its role in the cell's signalling network have yet to be determined, however, there is a lo...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X16666180516095949
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00