Abstract:
:Brain research is the most expanding interdisciplinary research that is using the state of the art techniques to overcome limitations in order to conduct more accurate and effective experiments. Drug delivery to the target site in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most difficult steps in neuroscience researches and therapies. Taking advantage of the nanoscale structure of neural cells (both neurons and glia); nanodrug delivery (second generation of biotechnological products) has a potential revolutionary impact into the basic understanding, visualization and therapeutic applications of neuroscience. Current review article firstly provides an overview of preparation and characterization, purification and separation, loading and delivering of nanodrugs. Different types of nanoparticle bioproducts and a number of methods for their fabrication and delivery systems including (carbon) nanotubes are explained. In the second part, neuroscience and nervous system drugs are deeply investigated. Different mechanisms in which nanoparticles enhance the uptake and clearance of molecules form cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are discussed. The focus is on nanodrugs that are being used or have potential to improve neural researches, diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
journal_name
Curr Neuropharmacoljournal_title
Current neuropharmacologyauthors
Khanbabaie R,Jahanshahi Mdoi
10.2174/157015912804143513subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
370-92issue
4eissn
1570-159Xissn
1875-6190pii
CN-10-370journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating prodrug which delivers a methyl group to purine bases of DNA (O6- guanine; N7-guanine and N3-adenine), is frequently used together with radiotherapy as part of the first-line treatment of high-grade gliomas. The main advantages are its high oral bioavailability (almost 100% altho...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200626204005
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::It has been well established that there is a connection between type II diabetes (DMTII) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, the increase in AD incidence may be an emerging complication of DMTII. Both pathologies are related to estradiol (E2) exposure on the one hand, estrogen receptors (ER) are emerging as importa...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666201111103024
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the functional consequences of cannabinoid withdrawal in the rat mesolimbic dopamine system, we investigated the anatomical morphology of the mesencephalic, presumed dopaminergic, neurons and their main post-synaptic target in the Nucleus Accumbens. We found that TH-positive neurons shrink and Golgi-stained...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911795017083
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is a serious psychiatric illness that affects millions of people worldwide. Weeks of antidepressant therapy are required to relieve depressive symptoms, and new drugs are still being extensively researched. The latest studies have shown that in depression, there is an imbalance between the main excitatory (...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150115220617
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are two distinct forms of synaptic plasticity that have been extensively characterized at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SCCA1) synapse and the mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapse within the hippocampus, and are postulated to be the molecular underpinning for several ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150421003225
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes and is considered one of the main causes of blindness in moderate-income and highly-developed countries. As it is a major socioeconomic problem, defining all mechanisms that may lead to DR development is of great importance. In the 21st centu...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160523144245
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ion channels are complex transmembrane proteins that orchestrate the electrical signals necessary for normal function of excitable tissues, including the central nervous system, peripheral nerve, and both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Progress in molecular biology has allowed cloning and expression of genes that encode...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911796557966
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence indicate that rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to a wide range of stimuli that are capable of producing either euphoric (positive) or dysphoric (negative) emotional states. On these bases, recordings of USVs are extensively used in preclinical studies of affect, motivatio...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13999150318113800
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting analgesic drugs for spinal delivery reflects the fact that while the conscious experience of pain is mediated supraspinally, input initiated by high intensity stimuli, tissue injury and/or nerve injury is encoded at the level of the spinal dorsal horn and this output informs the brain as to the peripheral en...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160307145542
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphetamines exert their persistent addictive effects by activating brain's reward pathways, perhaps through the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (and/or in other places). On the other hand, there is a relationship between dopamine and all behavioural aspects that involve motor activity and it has been dem...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911795017380
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shared connections between physical activity and neuroprotection have been studied for decades, but the mechanisms underlying this effect of specific exercise were only recently brought to light. Several evidences suggest that physical activity may be a reasonable and beneficial method to improve functional ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X14666160330105132
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke treatment, but its clinical use is limited due to the narrow therapeutic time window and severe adverse effects, including hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and neurotoxicity. One of the potential resolutions is to use adjunct th...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160620102055
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the recent years we have been observing an increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. This leads to a more frequent acute complication of type 1 diabetes among children with hyperglycemia. The most common of these is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), while cerebral edema is the most dangerous. I...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160225155151
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of neuroprotective agents for stroke is pathogenetically justified, but the translation of results of preclinical studies of neuroprotectors into clinical practice has been a noticeable failure. One of the leading reasons for these failures is the one-target mechanism of their activity. p-Tyrosol (Tyr), a biop...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200507082311
更新日期:2020-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Many issues remain unresolved about antipsychotic drugs. Their therapeutic potency scales with affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, but there are indications that they act indirectly, with dopamine D1 receptors (and others) as possible ultimate targets. Classical neuroleptic drugs disinhibit striatal cholinergic intern...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015909790031229
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cysloop ligand-gated ion channels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are i...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170912110450
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The push-pull superfusion technique (PPST) is a procedure for in vivo examination of transmitter release in distinct brain areas. This technique allows to investigate dynamics of transmitter release both under normal and experimentally evoked conditions. The PPST can be modified so that it is possible to determine rel...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150722233149
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) has been classified as a disease of the central nervous system by the WHO since 1969. Many patients carrying this diagnosis do demonstrate an almost bewildering array of biological abnormalities particularly the presence of oxidative and nitrosative stres...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X11666131120224653
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decades, the scientific interest in chemistry and pharmacology of cannabinoids has increased. Most attention has focused on ∆(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆(9)-THC) as it is the psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa). However, in previous years, the focus of interest in the second plant cons...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X11666131204235805
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in many ways, according t...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191113100808
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mood disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are common, severe, chronic and often life-threatening illnesses. Suicide is estimated to be the cause of death in up to approximately 10-15% of individuals with mood disorders. Alterations in the signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015906776359586
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to impose maximum debilitating effects on the society by 2030, with its critical effects on health, functioning, quality of life and concomitant high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the disease is inadequately understood, diagnosed and treated. Moreover, with the re...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191001142934
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'omnipresence' of adenosine in all nervous system cells (neurons and glia) together with the intensive release of adenosine following insults, makes adenosine as a sort of 'maestro' of synapses leading to the homeostatic coordination of brain function. Besides direct actions of adenosine on the neurosecretory mech...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015909789152128
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is widely expressed in cells of the immune system such as T- and B-lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and microglia, but also found in dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and many cancer cells including pancreatic, prostat...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170630164226
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a cellular quality control mechanism crucial for neuronal homeostasis. Defects in autophagy are critically associated with mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD), a common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Autophagic dysfunction in PD can occur at several stages of the autophagy/lysosom...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666151030103027
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a mammalian orphan receptor that awaits a formal classification. There are an increasing number of reports directed to know the physiology and pathophysiology of this receptor. Lamentably, its functions in the central nervous system (CNS) have been scarcely elucid...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X14666160729155441
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) system have been shown to be involved in the development of psychiatric disorders and are additionally associated with changes in body weight as well as endocrine and metabolic changes in psychiatric patients. TNF-alpha might, for example, contribute to the pathog...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015908785777238
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors, the sigma receptor is now confirmed to be a non-opioid receptor that binds diverse classes of psychotropic drugs. Sigma receptors are subdivided into two subtypes, sigma-1 and sigma-2. The sigma-1 receptor is a 25-kDa protein possessing one putative transm...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015905774322516
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer's is to carry out brain autopsy of the patient's brain tissue and ascertain whether the subject had Alzheimer's or any other form of dementia. However, due to the non-feasibility of such methods, to diagnose and conclude the conditions, medical practitioners use ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200528142429
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate associated protein 1 (GRINA) is a member of the NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and is involved in several neurological diseases, which governs the key processes of neuronal cell death or the release of neurotransmitters. Upregulation of GRINA has been reported in multiple ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200303104235
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00