Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes and is considered one of the main causes of blindness in moderate-income and highly-developed countries. As it is a major socioeconomic problem, defining all mechanisms that may lead to DR development is of great importance. In the 21st century diabetic lesions occurring in the retina are well known. However what kind of retinal neuronal damage occurs in the course of diabetes remains unclear. RESULTS:In this manuscript we present the most recent knowledge about suggested mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, including neuroretinal apoptosis. Getting a deep insight into the role of apoptosis and degeneration of retinal neurons leading to DR will have vital consequences. CONCLUSION:The findings of this review confirm that it is very likely that in the nearest future diabetic retinopathy treatment will be based on administration of neuroprotective agents. The implementation of neuroprotective drugs may slow down retinopathy progression, making it possible to avoid the currently used therapeutic procedures, such as laser photocoagulation, intravitreous injections or posterior vitrectomy, which are not only risky for the healthy part of the retina but also relatively expensive.
journal_name
Curr Neuropharmacoljournal_title
Current neuropharmacologyauthors
Mrugacz M,Bryl A,Bossowski Adoi
10.2174/1570159x14666160523144245subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
826-830issue
8eissn
1570-159Xissn
1875-6190pii
CN-EPUB-75882journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, there is a great interest in the potential medical use of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabinoid. Productive pharmacological research on CBD occurred in the 1970s and intensified recently with many discoveries about the endocannabinoid system. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies l...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666190603171901
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microglia are the resident immunocompetent cells of the CNS and also constitute a unique cell type that contributes to neural network homeostasis and function. Understanding microglia cell-signaling not only will reveal their diverse functions but also will help to identify pharmacological and non-pharmacolo...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X14666160928151546
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been well established that there is a connection between type II diabetes (DMTII) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, the increase in AD incidence may be an emerging complication of DMTII. Both pathologies are related to estradiol (E2) exposure on the one hand, estrogen receptors (ER) are emerging as importa...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666201111103024
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels that act as cellular sensors. Several members of the TRP family are sensitive to oxidative stress mediators. Among them, TRPA1 is remarkably susceptible to various oxidants, and is known to mediate neuropathic pain and respiratory, vascular a...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x1302150525122020
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoids, Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol and its analogue, nabilone, have been found to reliably attenuate the intensity and frequency of post-traumatic nightmares. This essay examines how a traumatic event is captured in the mind, after just a single exposure, and repeatedly replicated during the nights that follow....
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200114142321
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the initial characterizations of inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) affected brains, namely the demonstration of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, complement system activation, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, and evidence for microglial-produced neurotoxins, there was...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015907782793667
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The calcium (Ca(2+))-sensing receptor (CaR) belongs to family C of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The receptor is activated by physiological levels of Ca(2+) (and Mg(2+)) and positively modulated by a range of proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acids. Recently, several synthetic allosteric modulators of the recepto...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015907781695982
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shared connections between physical activity and neuroprotection have been studied for decades, but the mechanisms underlying this effect of specific exercise were only recently brought to light. Several evidences suggest that physical activity may be a reasonable and beneficial method to improve functional ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X14666160330105132
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke treatment, but its clinical use is limited due to the narrow therapeutic time window and severe adverse effects, including hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and neurotoxicity. One of the potential resolutions is to use adjunct th...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160620102055
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well recognized the role of the Wnt pathway in many developmental processes such as neuronal maturation, migration, neuronal connectivity and synaptic formation. Growing evidence is also demonstrating its function in the mature brain where is associated with modulation of axonal remodeling, dendrite outgrowth, s...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X11311050001
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a heterogeneous and complex limbic forebrain structure, which plays an important role in controlling autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. The BNST is thought to serve as a key relay connecting limbic forebrain structures to hypothalamic and brainstem reg...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X11311020002
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are several studies investigating the effects of risperidone in autism, but many of these studies are contradictory or inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of risperidone on five domains of Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) scale on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as w...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200529151741
更新日期:2020-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represent the largest family of glutamate receptors in mammals and act as fine tuners of the chemical transmission in central nervous system (CNS). In the last decade, results concerning the expression and the subcellular localization of mGlu receptors further clarified their ro...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191127112339
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cysloop ligand-gated ion channels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are i...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170912110450
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain and spinal cord injuries present significant therapeutic challenges. The treatments available for these conditions are largely ineffective, partly due to limitations in directly targeting the therapeutic agents to sites of pathology within the central nervous system (CNS). The use of stem cells to treat these co...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015910793358204
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is widely expressed in cells of the immune system such as T- and B-lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and microglia, but also found in dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and many cancer cells including pancreatic, prostat...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170630164226
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in many ways, according t...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191113100808
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate associated protein 1 (GRINA) is a member of the NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and is involved in several neurological diseases, which governs the key processes of neuronal cell death or the release of neurotransmitters. Upregulation of GRINA has been reported in multiple ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200303104235
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ion channels are complex transmembrane proteins that orchestrate the electrical signals necessary for normal function of excitable tissues, including the central nervous system, peripheral nerve, and both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Progress in molecular biology has allowed cloning and expression of genes that encode...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911796557966
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heat shock protein (Hsp) family is an evolutionarily conserved system that is charged with preventing unfolded or misfolded proteins in the cell from aggregating. In Alzheimer's disease, extracellular accumulation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular aggregation of the microtubule associated protein tau...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015911798376226
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein aggregates or inclusion bodies are common hallmarks of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Why these aggregates form remains unclear. Equally debated is whether they are toxic, protective, or simple by-products. Increasing evidence, however, supports the notion that in general aggregates confer toxicity a...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015908784533897
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating prodrug which delivers a methyl group to purine bases of DNA (O6- guanine; N7-guanine and N3-adenine), is frequently used together with radiotherapy as part of the first-line treatment of high-grade gliomas. The main advantages are its high oral bioavailability (almost 100% altho...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570159X18666200626204005
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade, several meta-analytic studies employing different methodological approaches have had inconsistent conclusions regarding antidepressant efficacy. Herein, we aim to comment on methodological aspects that may have contributed to disparate findings. We initially discuss methodological inconsistenci...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150630174343
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many issues remain unresolved about antipsychotic drugs. Their therapeutic potency scales with affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, but there are indications that they act indirectly, with dopamine D1 receptors (and others) as possible ultimate targets. Classical neuroleptic drugs disinhibit striatal cholinergic intern...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015909790031229
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) is an important binding protein of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and the toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) superfamily, which play an important role in innate immunity and acquired immunity. TRAFs family have 7 members (TRAF1-7), and TRAF6 has its special factur...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X16666180412094655
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacopa monnieri, commonly known as Brahmi, has been extensively used as a neuromedicine for various disorders such as anxiety, depression and memory loss. Chemical characterization studies revealed the major active constituents of the herb as the triterpenoid saponins, bacosides. Bacoside A, the vital neuroprotective ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X16666180419123022
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the movement of water through cell membranes has been greatly advanced by the discovery of a family of water-specific, membrane-channel proteins: the Aquaporins (AQPs). These proteins are present in organisms at all levels of life, and their unique permeability characteristics and distribution in ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015910791233204
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to impose maximum debilitating effects on the society by 2030, with its critical effects on health, functioning, quality of life and concomitant high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the disease is inadequately understood, diagnosed and treated. Moreover, with the re...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X17666191001142934
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'omnipresence' of adenosine in all nervous system cells (neurons and glia) together with the intensive release of adenosine following insults, makes adenosine as a sort of 'maestro' of synapses leading to the homeostatic coordination of brain function. Besides direct actions of adenosine on the neurosecretory mech...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157015909789152128
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hereditary cerebellar ataxias are a group of disorders characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, progressive clinical course, and diverse genetic causes. No disease modifying treatments are yet available for many of these disorders. Oxidative stress has been recurrently identified in different ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666171109125643
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00