Abstract:
:Many issues remain unresolved about antipsychotic drugs. Their therapeutic potency scales with affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, but there are indications that they act indirectly, with dopamine D1 receptors (and others) as possible ultimate targets. Classical neuroleptic drugs disinhibit striatal cholinergic interneurones and increase acetyl choline release. Their effects may then depend on stimulation of muscarinic receptors on principle striatal neurones (M4 receptors, with reduction of cAMP formation, for therapeutic effects; M1 receptors for motor side effects). Many psychotic patients do not benefit from neuroleptic drugs, or develop resistance to them during prolonged treatment, but respond well to clozapine. For patients who do respond, there is a wide (>ten-fold) range in optimal doses. Refractoriness or low sensitivity to antipsychotic effects (and other pathologies) could then arise from low density of cholinergic interneurones. Clozapine probably owes its special actions to direct stimulation of M4 receptors, a mechanism available when indirect action is lost.
journal_name
Curr Neuropharmacoljournal_title
Current neuropharmacologyauthors
Miller Rdoi
10.2174/157015909790031229subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
302-14issue
4eissn
1570-159Xissn
1875-6190journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The treatment of schizophrenia is challenging due to the wide range of symptoms (positive, negative, cognitive) associated with the disease. Typical antipsychotics that antagonize D2 receptors are effective in treating positive symptoms, but extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) are a common occurrence. Atypical...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shared connections between physical activity and neuroprotection have been studied for decades, but the mechanisms underlying this effect of specific exercise were only recently brought to light. Several evidences suggest that physical activity may be a reasonable and beneficial method to improve functional ...
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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abstract::Peripheral neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting peripheral nerves. The causes are multiple: hereditary, metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, toxic, traumatic. The temporal profile includes acute, subacute and chronic conditions. The majority of peripheral neuropathies cause mainly muscle weakne...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegeneration is an initial process in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). High quantities of glutamate, oxidative stress, induction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and elevated levels of RAGE are crucial elements in the retinal neurodegeneration caused by diabetes mellitus. At least, there is emer...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain and spinal cord injuries present significant therapeutic challenges. The treatments available for these conditions are largely ineffective, partly due to limitations in directly targeting the therapeutic agents to sites of pathology within the central nervous system (CNS). The use of stem cells to treat these co...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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abstract:BACKGROUND:The concept of food addiction attracts much interest in the scientific community. Research is mainly based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), a tool developed to assess food addiction. Substance use disorder criteria have been used to develop this scale. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this paper was to review t...
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journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the recent years we have been observing an increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. This leads to a more frequent acute complication of type 1 diabetes among children with hyperglycemia. The most common of these is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), while cerebral edema is the most dangerous. I...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacopa monnieri, commonly known as Brahmi, has been extensively used as a neuromedicine for various disorders such as anxiety, depression and memory loss. Chemical characterization studies revealed the major active constituents of the herb as the triterpenoid saponins, bacosides. Bacoside A, the vital neuroprotective ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::General anesthetics are a class of drugs that target the central nervous system and are widely used for various medical procedures. General anesthetics produce many behavioral changes required for clinical intervention, including amnesia, hypnosis, analgesia, and immobility; while they may also induce side effects lik...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain research is the most expanding interdisciplinary research that is using the state of the art techniques to overcome limitations in order to conduct more accurate and effective experiments. Drug delivery to the target site in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most difficult steps in neuroscience rese...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cannabinoids, Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol and its analogue, nabilone, have been found to reliably attenuate the intensity and frequency of post-traumatic nightmares. This essay examines how a traumatic event is captured in the mind, after just a single exposure, and repeatedly replicated during the nights that follow....
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hereditary cerebellar ataxias are a group of disorders characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, progressive clinical course, and diverse genetic causes. No disease modifying treatments are yet available for many of these disorders. Oxidative stress has been recurrently identified in different ...
journal_title:Current neuropharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570159X15666171109125643
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00