Abstract：
:The greatest cause of preventable morbidity and mortality is smoking, and one of the often-underappreciated effects of smoking is profound bone loss. The existing clinical paradigm for smoking is that there is a low turnover osteoporosis. This review highlights findings from recent clinical trials and animal research demonstrating either support or conflict with the existing paradigm. Clinically, it is noted that markers of bone formation are often normal in smokers; these clinical findings conflict with well-conducted animal research demonstrating that carcinogens acting on the aryl hydrogen receptor can significantly reduce osteoblast formation and function. Regarding bone resorption, highlights from recent clinical studies suggest that bone remodeling is increased in smokers. Directly contradicting this enhanced osteoclastogenesis are several animal studies all demonstrating significant inhibition of osteoclast formation and function upon exposure to smoke carcinogens. Future research is needed to clarify whether smoking is truly a low bone remodeling osteoporosis, or an osteoclast-driven bone destruction, with inappropriately normal bone formation.
journal_name
Curr Osteoporos Repjournal_title
Current osteoporosis reportsauthors
Yan C,Avadhani NG,Iqbal Jdoi
10.1007/s11914-011-0068-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
202-9issue
4eissn
1544-1873issn
1544-2241journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. RECENT FINDINGS:Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effe...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00524-y
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We give an update on the etiology and potential treatment options of rare inherited monogenic disorders associated with arterial calcification and calcific cardiac valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Genetic studies of rare inherited syndromes have identified key regulators of ectopic calcification. Based...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-017-0370-3
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on spiral 3D tomography a large variety of applications have been developed during the last decade to asses bone mineral density, bone macro and micro structure, and bone strength. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) using clinical whole body scanners provides separate assessment of trabecular, cortical, and ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0147-2
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Novel therapies for damaged and diseased bone are being developed in a preclinical testing process consisting of in vitro cell experiments followed by in vivo animal studies. The in vitro results are often not representative of the results observed in vivo. This could be caused by the complexity of th...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00649-5
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly, increasing the risk of poor outcomes that include falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Thus, a great need exists to characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately identify strategies that prevent, delay, and even reverse frailty. Mouse models ca...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-015-0283-y
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low vitamin D status, which is endemic due to inadequate oral intake combined with sun avoidance, contributes to musculoskeletal and other pathologies. Although controversial, it is increasingly recommended that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) concentrations less than 30 ng/mL be considered suboptimal. Clinicians shou...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-008-0017-5
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Diabetes has a detrimental effect on bone, increasing the risk of fracture and formation of osteolytic lesions such as those seen in periodontitis. Several diabetic complications are caused by diabetes-enhanced inflammation. This review examines mechanisms by which IL-17 contributes to diabetes-enhanc...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00559-6
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fractures of osteoporotic bone in elderly individuals need special attention. This manuscript reviews the current strategies to provide sufficient fracture fixation stability with a particular focus on fractures that frequently occur in elderly individuals with osteoporosis and require full load-beari...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00535-9
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caloric restriction caused by undernutrition or over-exercise is increasingly common and has significant health consequences such as hypothalamic amenorrhea, infertility, attainment of low peak bone mass, and bone loss leading to fracture. In these patients, the pathophysiology of amenorrhea and bone loss is multifact...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-007-0011-3
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The musculoskeletal system is a complex organ comprised of the skeletal bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints, and other connective tissue that physically and mechanically interact to provide animals and humans with the essential ability of locomotion. This mechanical interaction is undoubtedl...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0209-0
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This study aims to describe bone marrow fat changes in diabetes and to discuss the potential role of marrow fat in skeletal fragility. RECENT FINDINGS:Advances in non-invasive imaging have facilitated marrow fat research in humans. In contrast to animal studies which clearly demonstrate higher levels...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-016-0336-x
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D, acting through its active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), exerts its influence on many physiologic processes in addition to the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. These processes include the immune system. Both the adaptive and innate immune systems are affected by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its receptor...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-009-0011-6
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This paper describes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that drive fracture pain and how these findings are helping develop new therapies to treat fracture pain. RECENT FINDINGS:Immediately following fracture, mechanosensitive nerve fibers that innervate bone are mechanically distorted. ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0446-8
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcrack accumulation in cortical bone has been implicated in skeletal fragility and stress fractures. These cracks have also been shown to affect the mechanical and material properties of cortical bone. Their growth has been linked to osteocyte apoptosis and the initiation of the remodeling process, which also has ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-005-0002-1
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous version of this publication, the author Mercedes Rodriguez Celin's name was listed as M.R. Celin. ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00637-9
更新日期：2020-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW:The goal of the review is to provide an updated understanding of the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and treatment recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS:Glucocorticoids reduce osteoblast and osteocyte lifespan and activity and reduce the vascularity of the bone that together ma...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00498-x
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic bone disease is a major public health concern, especially when it manifests as hip fracture which carries significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals with neurological disease are at higher risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis and fragility fracture compared to age-matched controls, yet this is under-apprec...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-016-0320-5
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis presents a dilemma for the orthopedic surgeon. Screw fixation within the bone is crucial for mechanical stabilization, maintenance of reduction, and ultimately, fracture healing. For the patient, soft bones and physiological fragility usually benefit from immediate weight bearing and mobility to avoid fur...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-012-0124-1
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to explore the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) in the processes that underpin bone remodelling, particularly the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and its role in the development and metastasis of cancers that target the bone. RECENT FINDI...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00545-7
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor of muscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00596-1
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Identifying individuals at high fracture risk can be used to target those likely to derive the greatest benefit from treatment. This narrative review examines recent developments in using specific risk factors used to assess fracture risk, with a focus on publications in the last 3 years. RECENT FIND...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00590-7
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pediatric origin of osteoporosis has led many investigators to focus on determining factors that influence bone gain during growth and methods for optimizing this gain. Bone responds to bone loading activities by increasing mass or size. Overall, pediatric studies have found a positive effect of bone loading on bo...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0152-5
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone metastasis is a deadly complication of cancers arising from many different primary tumor locations. Cross talk between cancer and bone cells is a well-established driver of bone metastasis, and recent work reveals microRNA (miRNA) as key players in this communication. Functional significance of miRNA was first de...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-016-0316-1
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis in men is an unrecognized but growing problem as the number of men who live to old age increases. The 10-year fracture risk at age 50 quadruples by age 80, and in general the incidence rate of osteoporotic fracture in men is about half that of women. Of note, the mortality and morbidity after hip fracture...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-996-0030-5
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here, we overview the latest findings from studies investigating the skeletal endocannabinoid (EC) system and its involvement in bone formation and resorption. RECENT FINDINGS:The endocannabinoid system consists of endogenous ligands, receptors, and enzymes. The main cannabinoids found in the cannabi...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00607-1
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review critiques the ability of CT-based methods to predict incident hip and vertebral fractures. RECENT FINDINGS:CT-based techniques with concurrent calibration all show strong associations with incident hip and vertebral fracture, predicting hip and vertebral fractures as well as, and sometime...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0450-z
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial biofilms have been observed and described in bone specimens of patients with bisphosphonate (BP)-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) and investigators are more recently suggesting that this condition essentially represents an osteomyelitis of the jaw clinically, with greater susceptibility in some pat...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-010-0008-1
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prior fracture is a well-documented risk factor for a subsequent fracture and it doubles the risk of subsequent fractures. Few studies have investigated the time that elapses between the initial and subsequent fracture. These studies show that the subsequent fracture risk is not constant, but fluctuates over time. T...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-010-0023-2
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mechanical loading is an essential stimulus for skeletal tissues. Osteocytes are primarily responsible for sensing mechanical stimuli in bone and for orchestrating subsequent responses. This is critical for maintaining homeostasis, and responding to injury/disease. The osteocyte mechanotransduction pa...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0485-1
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteocytes, the most abundant cell type in bone, remain the least characterized. Several theories have been proposed regarding their function, including osteolysis, sensing the strains produced in response to mechanical loading of bones, and producing signals that affect the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-007-0007-z
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
