The biology of osteocytes.

abstract：:Bone metastasis is a deadly complication of cancers arising from many different primary tumor locations. Cross talk between cancer and bone cells is a well-established driver of bone metastasis, and recent work reveals microRNA (miRNA) as key players in this communication. Functional significance of miRNA was first de...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Baier SR,Wan Y

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This paper describes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that drive fracture pain and how these findings are helping develop new therapies to treat fracture pain. RECENT FINDINGS:Immediately following fracture, mechanosensitive nerve fibers that innervate bone are mechanically distorted. ...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Mitchell SAT,Majuta LA,Mantyh PW

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction caused by undernutrition or over-exercise is increasingly common and has significant health consequences such as hypothalamic amenorrhea, infertility, attainment of low peak bone mass, and bone loss leading to fracture. In these patients, the pathophysiology of amenorrhea and bone loss is multifact...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Fenichel RM,Warren MP

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review critiques the ability of CT-based methods to predict incident hip and vertebral fractures. RECENT FINDINGS:CT-based techniques with concurrent calibration all show strong associations with incident hip and vertebral fracture, predicting hip and vertebral fractures as well as, and sometime...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Johannesdottir F,Allaire B,Bouxsein ML

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pediatric origin of osteoporosis has led many investigators to focus on determining factors that influence bone gain during growth and methods for optimizing this gain. Bone responds to bone loading activities by increasing mass or size. Overall, pediatric studies have found a positive effect of bone loading on bo...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Specker B,Minett M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many orthobiologic adjuvants are available and widely utilized for general skeletal restoration. Their use for the specific task of osteoporotic fracture augmentation is less well recognized. Common conductive materials are reviewed for their value in this patient population including the large group of allograft adju...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Watson JT,Nicolaou DA

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The greatest cause of preventable morbidity and mortality is smoking, and one of the often-underappreciated effects of smoking is profound bone loss. The existing clinical paradigm for smoking is that there is a low turnover osteoporosis. This review highlights findings from recent clinical trials and animal research ...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Yan C,Avadhani NG,Iqbal J

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW:The goal of the review is to provide an updated understanding of the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and treatment recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS:Glucocorticoids reduce osteoblast and osteocyte lifespan and activity and reduce the vascularity of the bone that together ma...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Lane NE

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. RECENT FINDINGS:Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effe...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Blank M,Sims NA

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly, increasing the risk of poor outcomes that include falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Thus, a great need exists to characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately identify strategies that prevent, delay, and even reverse frailty. Mouse models ca...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Seldeen KL,Pang M,Troen BR

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although substantial increases in survival rates among children diagnosed with cancer have been observed in recent decades, survivors are at risk of developing therapy-related chronic health conditions. Among children and adolescents treated for cancer, acquisition of peak bone mass may be compromised by cancer therap...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Wilson CL,Ness KK

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteogenesis is a complex process involving the specification of multiple progenitor cells and their maturation and differentiation into matrix-secreting osteoblasts. Osteogenesis occurs not only during embryogenesis but also during growth, after an injury, and in normal homeostatic maintenance. While...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Sera SR,Zur Nieden NI

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musculoskeletal pain disorders are the second largest contributor to global disability underlining the significance of effective treatments. However, treating chronic musculoskeletal pain, and chronic joint pain (osteoarthritis (OA)) in particular, is challenging as the underlying peripheral and central pain mechanism...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Arendt-Nielsen L,Skou ST,Nielsen TA,Petersen KK

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fractures of osteoporotic bone in elderly individuals need special attention. This manuscript reviews the current strategies to provide sufficient fracture fixation stability with a particular focus on fractures that frequently occur in elderly individuals with osteoporosis and require full load-beari...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Hollensteiner M,Sandriesser S,Bliven E,von Rüden C,Augat P

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is characterized by the occurrence of a host of fractures. According to densitometric values, an operational definition for osteoporosis corresponds to a loss of 25% to 30% (-2.5 T-scores) compared with the mean values of bone mineral density of young premenopausal women. For years, research tried to deve...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Devogelaer JP,Boutsen Y,Manicourt DH

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is the abnormal formation of extra-skeletal bones in periarticular muscles after damage to the central nervous system (CNS) such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, or cerebral anoxia. The purpose of this review is to summarize r...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Alexander KA,Tseng HW,Salga M,Genêt F,Levesque JP

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis in men is an unrecognized but growing problem as the number of men who live to old age increases. The 10-year fracture risk at age 50 quadruples by age 80, and in general the incidence rate of osteoporotic fracture in men is about half that of women. Of note, the mortality and morbidity after hip fracture...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Adler RA

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Identifying individuals at high fracture risk can be used to target those likely to derive the greatest benefit from treatment. This narrative review examines recent developments in using specific risk factors used to assess fracture risk, with a focus on publications in the last 3 years. RECENT FIND...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Leslie WD,Morin SN

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We give an update on the etiology and potential treatment options of rare inherited monogenic disorders associated with arterial calcification and calcific cardiac valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Genetic studies of rare inherited syndromes have identified key regulators of ectopic calcification. Based...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Nitschke Y,Rutsch F

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review outlines the recent findings regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on bone. It explores potential mechanisms for skeletal changes following bariatric surgery and strategies for management. RECENT FINDINGS:Bone loss following bariatric surgery is multifactorial. Probable mechanisms inc...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Krez AN,Stein EM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue and produce a wide range of cytokines and cellular signaling molecules in response to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we aimed to summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in the osteocyte-mediated translation of mechanical stimu...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Yan Y,Wang L,Ge L,Pathak JL

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporotic fractures result in significant morbidity and mortality. Anabolic agents reverse the negative skeletal balance that characterizes osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblast-dependent bone formation to a greater degree than osteoclast-dependent bone resorption. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Augustine M,Horwitz MJ

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Statistical models (SMs) of shape (SSM) and appearance (SAM) have been acquiring popularity in medical image analysis since they were introduced in the early 1990s. They have been primarily used for segmentation, but they are also a powerful tool for 3D reconstruction and classification. All these tasks may be require...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Castro-Mateos I,Pozo JM,Cootes TF,Wilkinson JM,Eastell R,Frangi AF

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Currently, the measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is used at NASA to evaluate the effects of spaceflight on the skeletal health of astronauts. Notably, there are precipitous declines in aBMD with losses >10 % detected in the hip and spine in some astronauts following a typical 6-month mission in space. H...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Sibonga JD

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review was to compile a list of tools currently available to study bone cells and in particular osteocytes. As the interest (and importance) in osteocyte biology has greatly expanded over the past decade, new tools and techniques have become available to study these elusive cells, RECE...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Divieti Pajevic P

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In addition to the actions of the endocrine hormone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, the regulation of bone mineral metabolism by 1,25(OH)2D is also considered an important contributor to calcium homeostasis. However, recent evidence suggest that...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Anderson PH

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Novel therapies for damaged and diseased bone are being developed in a preclinical testing process consisting of in vitro cell experiments followed by in vivo animal studies. The in vitro results are often not representative of the results observed in vivo. This could be caused by the complexity of th...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Cramer EEA,Ito K,Hofmann S

更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium is the dominant mineral in bone and is a shortfall nutrient in the diet. For those consuming inadequate dietary calcium, calcium supplements have been a standard strategy for prevention of osteoporosis. Recently, calcium supplementation has been linked to both increased and decreased cardiovascular disease ris...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Weaver CM

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A prior fracture is a well-documented risk factor for a subsequent fracture and it doubles the risk of subsequent fractures. Few studies have investigated the time that elapses between the initial and subsequent fracture. These studies show that the subsequent fracture risk is not constant, but fluctuates over time. T...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： van Geel TA,Huntjens KM,van den Bergh JP,Dinant GJ,Geusens PP

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor of muscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle...

journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports

authors： Cornish SM,Chilibeck PD,Candow DG

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00