Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. RECENT FINDINGS:Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effects on skeletal strength. Early-stage deletion in osteoblasts leads to osteoblast apoptosis, delayed initiation of mineralization, and increased bone flexibility. Deletion later in the lineage targeted to osteocytes leads to a brittle bone phenotype and increased osteocyte autophagy. In these latter mice, although mineralization is initiated normally, all processes involved in matrix maturation, including mineral accrual, carbonate substitution, and collagen compaction, progress more rapidly. Osteoblasts and osteocytes control the many processes involved in bone mineralization; defining the contributing signaling activities may lead to new ways to understand and treat human skeletal fragilities.
journal_name
Curr Osteoporos Repjournal_title
Current osteoporosis reportsauthors
Blank M,Sims NAdoi
10.1007/s11914-019-00524-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
270-280issue
5eissn
1544-1873issn
1544-2241pii
10.1007/s11914-019-00524-yjournal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mechanical loading is an essential stimulus for skeletal tissues. Osteocytes are primarily responsible for sensing mechanical stimuli in bone and for orchestrating subsequent responses. This is critical for maintaining homeostasis, and responding to injury/disease. The osteocyte mechanotransduction pa...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0485-1
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Diabetes has a detrimental effect on bone, increasing the risk of fracture and formation of osteolytic lesions such as those seen in periodontitis. Several diabetic complications are caused by diabetes-enhanced inflammation. This review examines mechanisms by which IL-17 contributes to diabetes-enhanc...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00559-6
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is the abnormal formation of extra-skeletal bones in periarticular muscles after damage to the central nervous system (CNS) such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, or cerebral anoxia. The purpose of this review is to summarize r...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00636-w
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The postmenopausal state is the most common underlying cause for osteoporosis and most of our understanding of the condition relates to this group. Recent evidence has suggested that hormone therapy may no longer have the pre-eminent place it once held but the same studies have also confirmed its antifracture efficacy...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-004-0018-y
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic bone disease is a major public health concern, especially when it manifests as hip fracture which carries significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals with neurological disease are at higher risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis and fragility fracture compared to age-matched controls, yet this is under-apprec...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-016-0320-5
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone metastasis is a deadly complication of cancers arising from many different primary tumor locations. Cross talk between cancer and bone cells is a well-established driver of bone metastasis, and recent work reveals microRNA (miRNA) as key players in this communication. Functional significance of miRNA was first de...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-016-0316-1
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review critiques the ability of CT-based methods to predict incident hip and vertebral fractures. RECENT FINDINGS:CT-based techniques with concurrent calibration all show strong associations with incident hip and vertebral fracture, predicting hip and vertebral fractures as well as, and sometime...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0450-z
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an increasing repertoire of laboratory tests available for assessing the bone remodeling process. Biochemical markers of bone remodeling can be measured in serum or urine, and have a number of potential roles in the management of fracture risk. Differences in remodeling between individuals might be related to...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-996-0002-9
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly, increasing the risk of poor outcomes that include falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Thus, a great need exists to characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately identify strategies that prevent, delay, and even reverse frailty. Mouse models ca...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-015-0283-y
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is characterized by the occurrence of a host of fractures. According to densitometric values, an operational definition for osteoporosis corresponds to a loss of 25% to 30% (-2.5 T-scores) compared with the mean values of bone mineral density of young premenopausal women. For years, research tried to deve...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-010-0024-1
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To identify the use of carbon nanomaterials in bone regeneration and present new data on the regenerative capacity of bone tissue in osteopenic rats treated with graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). RECENT FINDINGS:The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials are suitable f...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0476-2
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor of muscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00596-1
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The musculoskeletal system is a complex organ comprised of the skeletal bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints, and other connective tissue that physically and mechanically interact to provide animals and humans with the essential ability of locomotion. This mechanical interaction is undoubtedl...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0209-0
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to explore the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) in the processes that underpin bone remodelling, particularly the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and its role in the development and metastasis of cancers that target the bone. RECENT FINDI...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00545-7
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This study aims to describe bone marrow fat changes in diabetes and to discuss the potential role of marrow fat in skeletal fragility. RECENT FINDINGS:Advances in non-invasive imaging have facilitated marrow fat research in humans. In contrast to animal studies which clearly demonstrate higher levels...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-016-0336-x
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on spiral 3D tomography a large variety of applications have been developed during the last decade to asses bone mineral density, bone macro and micro structure, and bone strength. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) using clinical whole body scanners provides separate assessment of trabecular, cortical, and ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0147-2
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of the review is to summarize the current knowledge on the process of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation during endochondral bone formation and its potential implications in fracture healing and disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Lineage tracing experiments confirmed the transdifferentiati...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00511-3
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium is the dominant mineral in bone and is a shortfall nutrient in the diet. For those consuming inadequate dietary calcium, calcium supplements have been a standard strategy for prevention of osteoporosis. Recently, calcium supplementation has been linked to both increased and decreased cardiovascular disease ris...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0208-1
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Authors review the safety and efficacy of romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis as demonstrated in three phase III clinical trials and offer insights into the potential cardiovascular risk associated with its use. RECENT FINDINGS:Incidence of new vertebral fracture is dramatically reduced wit...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00652-w
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review outlines the recent findings regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on bone. It explores potential mechanisms for skeletal changes following bariatric surgery and strategies for management. RECENT FINDINGS:Bone loss following bariatric surgery is multifactorial. Probable mechanisms inc...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00579-2
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue and produce a wide range of cytokines and cellular signaling molecules in response to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we aimed to summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in the osteocyte-mediated translation of mechanical stimu...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00564-9
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of this paper is to review state-of-the-art transcriptome profiling methods and their recent applications in the field of skeletal biology. RECENT FINDINGS:Next-generation sequencing of mRNA (RNA-seq) methods have been established and routinely used in skeletal biology research. RNA-seq has ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00517-x
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis in men is an unrecognized but growing problem as the number of men who live to old age increases. The 10-year fracture risk at age 50 quadruples by age 80, and in general the incidence rate of osteoporotic fracture in men is about half that of women. Of note, the mortality and morbidity after hip fracture...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-996-0030-5
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D, acting through its active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), exerts its influence on many physiologic processes in addition to the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. These processes include the immune system. Both the adaptive and innate immune systems are affected by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its receptor...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-009-0011-6
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Novel therapies for damaged and diseased bone are being developed in a preclinical testing process consisting of in vitro cell experiments followed by in vivo animal studies. The in vitro results are often not representative of the results observed in vivo. This could be caused by the complexity of th...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00649-5
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of a fragility fracture is an opportunity to recognize osteoporosis and begin treatment to reduce the risk of another fracture. However, selecting the treatment may have an impact on the incident fracture and this requires careful consideration of the patient and the treatment choices. There is no conse...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-011-0061-4
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low vitamin D status, which is endemic due to inadequate oral intake combined with sun avoidance, contributes to musculoskeletal and other pathologies. Although controversial, it is increasingly recommended that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) concentrations less than 30 ng/mL be considered suboptimal. Clinicians shou...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-008-0017-5
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Identifying individuals at high fracture risk can be used to target those likely to derive the greatest benefit from treatment. This narrative review examines recent developments in using specific risk factors used to assess fracture risk, with a focus on publications in the last 3 years. RECENT FIND...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00590-7
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This paper describes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that drive fracture pain and how these findings are helping develop new therapies to treat fracture pain. RECENT FINDINGS:Immediately following fracture, mechanosensitive nerve fibers that innervate bone are mechanically distorted. ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0446-8
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, the measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is used at NASA to evaluate the effects of spaceflight on the skeletal health of astronauts. Notably, there are precipitous declines in aBMD with losses >10 % detected in the hip and spine in some astronauts following a typical 6-month mission in space. H...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0136-5
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
